An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps

Part 1 Horizontal and dipping strata: contours, section drawing, vertical exaggeration; dip, structure contours, construction of structure contours, section drawing; true and apparent dip; calculation of thickness of a bed, vertical and true thickness; width of outcrop; inliers and outliers. Part 2 "Three-point" problems: construction of structure contours; insertion of outcrops; depth in boreholes. Part 3 Uncomformites: overstep; overlap; sub-uncomformity outcrops. Part 4 Folding: anticlines and synclines; asymmetrical folds, overfolds and isoclinal folds; similar and concentric folding; two possible direction of strike. Part 5 Faults: normal and reversed faults; the effects of faulting on outcrops; classification of faults, dip-slip and oblique-slip faults; dip faults and strike faults; calculation of the throw of a fault; wrench or tear faults; pre- and post-uncomformity faulting; structural inliers and outliers; posthumous faulting; isopachytes. Part 6 More folds and faulted folds: plunging folds, calculation of the amount of plunge; the effect of faulting on fold structures; displacement of folds by strike-slip (wrench) faults, calculation of strike-slip displacement; faults parallel to the limbs of a fold; sub-surface structures; posthumous folding; polyphase folding; bed isopacytes. Part 7 Complex structures: nappes; thrust faults; axial plane cleavage. Part 8 Igneous rocks: concordant intrusions, sills; lava flows and tuffs; discordant intrusions, dykes, ring-dykes, cone-sheets; stocks, bosses and batholiths, volcanic necks; description of a geological map; geological history of map 28; numerical answers.