Student Solutions Manual for Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life

Preface

Supplements

How to Succeed in Your Statistics Course

Applications Index



1. Speaking of Statistics

1.1 What Is/Are Statistics?

1.2 Sampling

1.3 Types of Statistical Studies

1.4 Should You Believe a Statistical Study?

FOCUS ON PSYCHOLOGY: Are You Driving "Drunk" on Your Cell Phone?

FOCUS ON PUBLIC HEALTH: Is Your Lifestyle Healthy?



2. Measurement in Statistics

2.1 Data Types and Levels of Measurement

2.2 Dealing with Errors

2.3 Uses of Percentages in Statistics

2.4 Index Numbers

USING TECHNOLOGY: Inflation Calculator

FOCUS ON POLITICS: Who Benefited Most from Lower Tax Rates?

FOCUS ON ECONOMICS: Can a Redefined CPI Help the National Debt?



3. Visual Displays of Data

3.1 Frequency Tables

USING TECHNOLOGY: Frequency Tables

3.2 Picturing Distributions of Data

USING TECHNOLOGY: Bar Graphs

USING TECHNOLOGY: Pie Charts

USING TECHNOLOGY: Line Charts and Histograms

3.3 Graphics in the Media

USING TECHNOLOGY: Graphs with Multiple Data Sets

3.4 A Few Cautions about Graphics

FOCUS ON HISTORY: Can War Be Described with a Graph?

FOCUS ON THE ENVIRONMENT: Are We Changing Earth's Atmosphere?



4. Describing Data

4.1 What Is Average?

USING TECHNOLOGY: Mean, Median, and Mode

4.2 Shapes of Distributions

4.3 Measures of Variation

USING TECHNOLOGY: Quartiles

USING TECHNOLOGY: Boxplots

USING TECHNOLOGY: Standard Deviation

4.4 Statistical Paradoxes

FOCUS ON THE STOCK MARKET: What's Average about the Dow?

FOCUS ON ECONOMICS: Are the Rich Getting Richer?



5. A Normal World

5.1 What Is Normal?

5.2 Properties of the Normal Distribution

USING TECHNOLOGY: Standard Scores and Percentiles

5.3 The Central Limit Theorem

FOCUS ON EDUCATION: What Can We Learn from SAT Trends?

FOCUS ON PSYCHOLOGY: Are We Smarter Than Our Parents?



6. Probability in Statistics

6.1 The Role of Probability in Statistics: Statistical Significance

6.2 Basics of Probability

6.3 The Law of Large Numbers

6.4 Ideas of Risk and Life Expectancy

6.5 Combining Probabilities (Supplementary Section)

FOCUS ON SOCIAL SCIENCE: Do Lotteries Harm the Poor?

FOCUS ON LAW: Is DNA Analysis Reliable?



7. Correlation and Causality

7.1 Seeking Correlation

USING TECHNOLOGY: Scatterplots and Correlation Coefficients

7.2 Interpreting Correlations

7.3 Best-Fit Lines and Prediction

7.4 The Search for Causality

FOCUS ON EDUCATION: What Helps Children Learn to Read?

FOCUS ON THE ENVIRONMENT: What Is Causing Global Warming?



8. Inferences from Samples to Populations

8.1 Sampling Distributions

8.2 Estimating Population Means

USING TECHNOLOGY: Confidence Interval for a Population Mean

8.3 Estimating Population Proportions

USING TECHNOLOGY: Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion

FOCUS ON HISTORY: Where Did Statistics Begin?

FOCUS ON LITERATURE: How Many Words Did Shakespeare Know?



9. Hypothesis Testing

9.1 Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing

9.2 Hypothesis Tests for Population Means

USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Test for a Population Mean

9.3 Hypothesis Tests for Population Proportions

USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion

FOCUS ON HEALTH AND EDUCATION: Will Your Education Help You Live Longer?

FOCUS ON AGRICULTURE: Are Genetically Modified Foods Safe?



10. t Tests, Two-Way Tables, and ANOVA

10.1 t Distribution for Inferences about a Mean

USING TECHNOLOGY: Confidence Intervals Using the t Distribution

USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Tests with the t Distribution

10.2 Hypothesis Testing with Two-Way Tables

USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Testing with Two-Way Tables

10.3 Analysis of Variance (One-Way ANOVA)

USING TECHNOLOGY: Analysis of Variance

FOCUS ON CRIMINOLOGY: Can You Tell a Fraud When You See One?

FOCUS ON EDUCATION: What Can a Fourth-Grader Do with Statistics?



Epilogue: A Perspective on Statistics

Appendix A: z-Score Tables

Appendix B: Table of Random Numbers

Websites and Suggested Readings

Glossary

Credits

Answers

Index