Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life

Preface

Supplements

To the Student: How to Succeed in Your Statistics Course

Applications Index



1. Speaking of Statistics

1.1 What Is/Are Statistics?

1.2 Sampling

1.3 Types of Statistical Studies

1.4 Should You Believe a Statistical Study?

Focus on Sociology: Does Daycare Breed Bullies?

Focus on Public Health: Is Your Lifestyle Healthy?



2. Measurement in Statistics

2.1 Data Types and Levels of Measurement

2.2 Dealing with Errors

2.3 Uses of Percentages in Statistics

2.4 Index Numbers

Focus on Politics: Who Benefits from a Tax Cut?

Focus on Economics: Is our Standard of Living Improving?



3. Visual Displays of Data

3.1 Frequency Tables

3.2 Picturing Distributions of Data

3.3 Graphics in the Media

3.4 A Few Cautions About Graphics

Using Technology

Focus on History: Can War Be Described with a Graph?

Focus on Environment: How Can We Visualize Global Warming?



4. Describing Data

4.1 What Is Average?

4.2 Shapes of Distributions

4.3 Measures of Variation

4.4 Statistical Paradoxes

Using Technology

Focus on The Stock Market: What's Average About the Dow?

Focus on Economics: Are the Rich Getting Richer?



5. A Normal World

5.1 What Is Normal?

5.2 Properties of the Normal Distribution

5.3 The Central Limit Theorem

Using Technology

Focus on Education: What Can We Learn from SAT Trends?

Focus on Psychology: Are We Smarter than Our Parents?



6. Probability in Statistics

6.1 The Role of Probability in Statistics: Statistical Significance 226

6.2 Basics of Probability

6.3 Probabilities with Large Numbers

6.4 Ideas of Risk and Life Expectancy

6.5 Combining Probabilities (Supplementary Section)

Focus on Social Science: Are Lotteries Fair?

Focus on Law: Is DNA Fingerprinting Reliable?



7. Correlation and Causality

7.1 Seeking Correlation

7.2 Interpreting Correlations

7.3 Best-Fit Lines and Prediction

7.4 The Search for Causality

Using Technology

Focus on Education: What Helps Children Learn to Read?

Focus on Environment: What Causes Global Warming?



8. From Samples to Populations

8.1 Sampling Distributions

8.2 Estimating Population Means

8.3 Estimating Population Proportions

Using Technology

Focus on History: Where Did Statistics Begin?

Focus on Literature: How Many Words Did Shakespeare Know?



9. Hypothesis Testing

9.1 Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing

9.2 Hypothesis Tests for Population Means

9.3 Hypothesis Testing: Population Proportions

Using Technology

Focus on Health & Education: Will Your Education Help You Live Longer?

Focus on Agriculture: Are Genetically Modified Foods Safe?



10. t Tests, Two-Way Tables, and ANOVA

10.1 Distribution for Inferences about a Mean

10.2 t Hypothesis Testing with Two-Way Tables

10.3 Analysis of Variance (One-Way ANOVA)

Using Technology

Focus on Criminology: Can You Tell a Fraud When You See One?

Focus on Education: What Can a Fourth-Grader Do with Statistics?



Epilogue: A Perspective on Statistics

Appendix A: z-Score Tables

Appendix B: Table of Random Numbers



Suggested Readings

Credits

Glossary

Answers

Index