Reading Rhetorically

Preface



1 Reading to Write: Strategies for College Writing

What Do We Mean by "Reading Rhetorically"

The Demands and Pleasures of Academic Reading

Readingand Writing as Conversation

For Writing and Discussion

Readingand Writing as Acts of Composing

Reading Rhetorically as a Strategy for Academic Writing

The Purposes of the Author Whose Text You Are Reading

Your Own Purposes as a Reader/Writer Who Will Use a Text

An Illustrated Example: Researching the Promise of Biofuels

Questions Rhetorical Readers Ask

Typical Reading-Based Writing Assignments Across

the Curriculum 15

Writing to Understand Course Content More Fully

In-Class Freewriting

Reading or Learning Logs

Double-Entry Notebooks

One-Page Response Papers or Thought Pieces

Writing to Report Your Understanding of What a Text Says

Writing to Practice the Conventions of a Particular Type of Text

Writing to Make Claims about a Text

Writing to Extend the Conversation

Chapter Summary



2 Analyzing Your Reading and Writing Context

Analyzing a Text's Original Rhetorical Context

Analyzing an Author's Purpose

For Writing and Discussion

Identifying an Author's Intended Audience

Analyzing a Text's Genre

For Writing and Discussion

Reconstructing Rhetorical Context:

An Extended Example

Analyzing Your Own Rhetorical Context as Reader/Writer

Determining Your Purpose, Audience, and Genre

Matching Your Reading Strategies to Your Purpose as Reader/Writer

How Expert Readers Use Rhetorical Knowledge to Read Efficiently

Using Genre Knowledge to Read Efficiently

Using a Text's Social/Historical Context to Make Predictions and Ask Questions

For Writing and Discussion

Chapter Summary

Sarah Kliff, Seven Secrets to a Great Nap



3 Listening to a Text

Writing As You Read

Preparing to Read

Recalling Background Knowledge

Using Visual Elements to Plan and Predict

For Writing and Discussion

Spot Reading

Listening As You Read Initially

Noting Organizational Signals

Marking Unfamiliar Terms and References

Identifying Points of Difficulty

Annotating

Connecting the Visual to the Verbal

Visuals That Enhance Verbal Content

Visuals That Support Verbal Content

Visuals That Extend Verbal Content

For Writing and Discussion

Listening As You Reread

Mapping the Idea Structure

Describing What Texts Say and Do

For Writing and Discussion

Describing What Visuals Do

Writing About How Texts Work: Guidelines and Two Examples

How Summaries Are Used in Academic and Workplace Settings

Guidelines for Writing a Summary

Using Attribute Tags in Summaries

Example Summary of "Seven Secrets to a Great Nap"

Guidelines for Writing a Rhetorical Precis

Example Precis of "Seven Secrets to a Great Nap"

Chapter Summary

Anthony Weston, The Need for Environmental Ethics



4 Questioning a Text

What It Means to Question a Text

Examining a Writer's Credibility and Appeals to Ethos

For Writing and Discussion

Examining a Writer's Appeals to Reason or Logos

Claims

Reasons

Evidence

Assumptions

For Writing and Discussion

Examining a Writer's Strategies for Engaging Readers, or Pathos

For Writing and Discussion

Examining a Writer's Language

For Writing and Discussion

Examining a Text's Ideology

For Writing and Discussion

Examining a Text's Use of Visual Elements

Visual Elements and Ethical Appeals

Visual Elements and Logical Appeals

Visual Elements and Audience Appeals

Visual Arguments

For Writing and Discussion

Exploring Your Responses to a Text

Before/After Reflections

The Believing and Doubting Game

Interviewing the Author

Writing a Rhetorical Analysis Paper: Guidelines and an Example

Guidelines for Writing a Rhetorical Analysis

Getting Started

Selecting a Focus for Your Analysis

Drafting Your Paper

An Annotated Rhetorical Analysis of "A Life-Saving Checklist"

Chapter Summary

Atul Gawande, "A Lifesaving Checklist"



5 Using Rhetorical Reading to Conduct Research

Managing Your Research Process

Formulating and Analyzing Questions

Applying Information Literacy Skills to Guide Your Research

Translating Purpose into a Focused Research Question

Analyzing Your Research Question to Plan a Strategy

Tips for Planning Your Search for Good Sources

Publication Contexts

Library Databases and Web Search Engines

General Interest and Specialized Periodicals

Scholarly Journals

Evaluating Potential Sources

Questions to Ask About Relevance

Questions to Ask About Currency and Scope

Questions to Ask About Authors and Experts

Questions to Ask About Publishers and Sponsors

Chapter Summary



6 Making Knowledge: Incorporating Reading into Writing

Asserting Your Authority as a Reader and Writer

Managing Your Writing Process

Strategies for Getting Started

Strategies for Generating Ideas

Strategies for Writing a First Draft

Strategies for Evaluating Your Draft for Revision

Strategies for Peer Response and Revision

Strategies for Editing and Polishing Your Final Draft

Integrating Material from Readings into Your Writing

Using Summary

Using Paraphrase

Dialogue from the Online Transcript of a Newshour Video

Using Direct Quotation

For Writing and Discussion

Avoiding Plagiarism

Using Attributive Tags

Using Parenthetical Citations

Understanding Academic Citation Conventions

Chapter Summary



Building an MLA Citation

Formatting MLA In-Text Citations

Placement of MLA In-Text Citations

Variations on the Basic MLA In-Text Citation Format

Setting Up an MLA Works Cited List

The Basics of Setting Up Your List

Process Advice

Model MLA Citation Formats

Books

Articles in Periodicals

Internet Sources

MLA Citation Formats for Other Materials and Media



Credits

Index