Language Variation and Change

Volume III Language Change: Part 11 Starting points 129 The social motivation of a sound change 30 Refexes of grammar in patterns of language change Part 12 Apparent time, age grading, life span 31 The apparent time construct 32 Age grading in sociolinguistic theory 33 Adolescents, young adults and the critical period: two case studies from Seven-Up Part 13 Types of change 34 The sociolinguistic types of language change 35 Bilingualism and language change: the extension of estar in Los Angeles Spanish 36 Methodological and theoretical issues in the study of chain shifting Part 14 Change in syntax, morphology and phonology 37 Watching Dutch change: a real time study of variation and change in standard Dutch pronunciation 38 The interplay of internal and external factors in grammatical change: frst-person plural pronouns in French 39 The interaction of syntactic change and information status effects in the change from OV to VO in English Part 15 Grammaticalization 40 The origins of syntax in discourse: a case study of Tok Pisin relatives 41 The grammaticalization of the particle le in Mandarin Chinese Part 16 New varieties 42 Creating a New Town Koine: children and language change in Milton Keynes 43 Language and dialect contact in Spanish in New York: toward the formation of a speech community.