Literature for Composition
Essays, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama
8th Edition
Published on 26. April 2007
Book
Paperback/Softback
1448 pages
978-0-321-45096-8 (ISBN)
Description
One of the first anthologies designed specifically for writing courses, Literature for Composition continues to offer superior coverage of reading, writing, and arguing about literature and a deep anthology of readings presented in Sylvan Barnet's signature accessible style. Literature for Composition opens with several chapters that provide uniquely helpful strategies and models for reading, thinking, and writing critically about literature. The first text to link argument and literature, the eighth edition provides earlier discussions of arguing about literature as part of the writing process. A diverse anthology of selections is organized around seven engaging themes, and nine compelling case studies help launch research projects. The text's 200 images, a 4-color insert, and special chapters on visual literacy and literature on film add another appealing dimension to the study of literature.
More details
Edition
8th edition
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Dimensions
Height: 232 mm
Width: 159 mm
Weight
998 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-321-45096-8 (9780321450968)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
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Sylvan Barnet | William E. Cain | William Burto
Literature for Composition
Essays, Stories, Poems, and Plays
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Previous edition
Sylvan Barnet | William E. Cain | William Burto
Literature for Composition
Essays, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (with MyLiteratureLab)
Book
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Content
Contents by Genre
List of Illustrations
Preface to Instructors
Letter to Students
PART I
Getting Started: From Response to Argument
CHAPTER 1 The Writer as Reader
Reading and Responding
Kate Chopin, Ripe Figs
Reading as Re-creation
Collecting Evidence, Making Reasonable Inferences
Reading with Pen in Hand
Recording Your First Responses
Identifying Your Audience and Purpose
Your Turn: Arguing a Thesis in an Essay
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Images of Ripening in Kate Chopin's `Ripe Figs'"
The Argument Analyzed
*Behind the Scenes: Tenori's Essay, from Early Responses to Final Version
Other Possibilities for Writing
*A Second Story about a Young Woman: Michele Serros, Senior Picture Day
Two Stories about a Bitter Argument
Raymond Carver, Mine
Raymond Carver, Little Things
Your Turn: Writing an Argument about Carver's Two Stories
CHAPTER 2 The Reader as Writer
Developing a Thesis, Drafting, and Writing an Argument
Pre-writing: Getting Ideas
Annotating a Text
More about Getting Ideas: A Second Story by Kate Chopin
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour
Brainstorming for Ideas for Writing
Focused Free Writing
Listing
Asking Questions
Keeping a Journal
Arguing with Yourself: Critical Thinking
Arguing a Thesis
Drafting Your Argument
v Checklist: Thesis Sentence
A Sample Draft: "Ironies in an Hour"
Revising an Argument
Outlining an Argument
Soliciting Peer Review, Thinking about Counterarguments
Final Version of the Sample Essay: "Ironies of Life in Kate Chopin's 'The Story of an
Hour'"
A Brief Overview of the Final Version
Writing on Your Computer
v Checklist: Writing with a Computer
Your Turn: Two Additional Stories
Kate Chopin, The Storm
Kate Chopin, Desiree's Baby
*John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums
A Note about Literary Evaluations
* CHAPTER 3 Literature and Argument
Beginning with Proverbs: Proverbs as Arguments
Arguments in Lyric Poems
*A. E. Housman, Loveliest of Trees
*John Donne, The Flea
Fables and Arguments
*Aesop Three Fables: The Pine-tree and the Bramble, The Snake and the Farmer, The
City Mouse and the Country Mouse
*William March, Aesop's Last Fable
Thinking Further about Messages in Literature
*Emily Wu, The Lesson of the Master
*Linda Pastan, Ethics
CHAPTER 4 Reading Literature Closely: Explication
What is Literature?
Literature and Form
Form and Meaning
Robert Frost, The Span of Life
Reading in Slow Motion
Explication
A Sample Explication
Langston Hughes, Harlem
Working Toward an Explication
Some Journal Entries
A Sample Essay by a Student (Final Version): "Langston Hughes' 'Harlem"'
Explication as Argument
v Checklist: Drafting an Explication
Why Write? Purpose and Audience
Your Turn: Poems for Explication
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 (That time of year thou mayst in me behold)
John Donne, Holy Sonnet XIV (Batter my heart, three-personed God )
Emily Bronte, Spellbound
Li-Young Lee, I Ask My Mother to Sing
Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
*Elizabeth Bishop, One Art
CHAPTER 5 Reading Literature Closely: Analysis
Analysis
Analyzing a Story from the Hebrew Bible: The Judgment of Solomon
The Judgment of Solomon
Analyzing the Story
Other Possible Topics for Analysis
Analyzing a Story from the *Testament: The Parable of the Prodigal Son
The Parable of the Prodigal Son
Summary
Paraphrase
Comparison: An Analytic Tool
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Two *Women"
Looking at the Essay
v Checklist: Revising a Comparison
Evaluation in Explication and Analysis
Choosing a Topic and Developing a Thesis in an Analytic Paper
Analyzing a Story
James Thurber, The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
Working Toward a Thesis: Journal Entries
Developing the Thesis: List Notes
Sample Draft by a Student: "Walter Mitty Is No Joke"
Developing an Argument
Introductory Paragraph
Middle Paragraphs
Concluding Paragraphs
Coherence in Paragraphs: Using Transitions
v Checklist: Revising Paragraphs
Review: Writing an Analysis
A Note on Technical Terminology
A Lyric Poem and a Student's Argument
Aphra Behn, Song Love Armed
Journal Entries
A Sample Essay by a Student: "The Double Nature of Love"
v Checklist: Editing a Draft
Your Turn: Short Stories and Poems for Analysis
Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado
Guy de Maupassant, The Necklace
Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
Jose Armas, El Tonto del Barrio
Leslie Marmon Silko, The Man to Send Rain Clouds
*Billy Collins, Introduction to Poetry
Robert Frost, Come In
*Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken
Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
Lyn Lifshin, My Mother and the Bed
Martin Espada, Bully
CHAPTER 6 Arguing an Interpretation
Interpretation and Meaning
Is the Author's Intention a Guide to Meaning?
What Characterizes a Sound Interpretation?
An Example: Interpreting Pat Mora's "Immigrants"
Pat Mora, Immigrants
Thinking Critically about Responses to Literature
Two Interpretations by Students
Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Sample Essay by a Student: "Stopping by Woods--and Going On"
Sample Essay by a Student: "'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' as a
Short Story"
Your Turn: Poems for Interpretation
John Milton, When I Consider How My Light Is Spent
Robert Frost, Mending Wall
William Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal
T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn
*Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed
*Gwendolyn Brooks, The Mother
CHAPTER 7 Arguing an Evaluation
Criticism and Evaluation
Are There Critical Standards?
Morality and Truth as Standards
Other Ways of Thinking about Truth and Realism
Your Turn: Poems and Stories for Evaluation
*Sarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf Link
Matthew Arnold, DoverBeach
Anthony Hecht, The Dover Bitch
*Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est
*Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth
*Henry Reed, Naming of Parts
Robert Frost, Design
Ira Gershwin, The Man That Got Away
Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill
*W. Somerset Maugham, The Appointment in Samarra
*O. Henry, The Ransom of Red Chief
Tobias Wolff, Powder
A Note about Literary Evaluations
CHAPTER 8 Research: Writing with Sources
What Research Is Not, and What Research Is
Primary and Secondary Materials
Locating Materials: First Steps
Other Bibliographic Aids
Electronic Sources
Encyclopedias: Electronic Versions
The Internet/World Wide Web
Evaluating Sources on the World Wide Web
What Does Your Own Institution Offer?
Using the World Wide Web
Taking Notes
Two Mechanical Aids: The Photocopier and the Computer
A Guide to Note-Taking
Drafting the Paper
Focus on Primary Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
Literature, History, and the World Wide Web
Case Study on Literature and History: Writing Arguments about the Internment of
Japanese Americans
Literary Texts
Mitsuye Yamada, The Question of Loyalty
David Mura, An Argument: On 1942
Historical Sources
Basic Reference Books (Short Paper)
Getting Deeper (Medium Paper)
v Checklist: Researching a Literary Historical Paper
A Review of Researching a Literary History Paper
Other Reference Sources (Long Paper)
Too Much Information?
CHAPTER 9 Reading and Writing about Visual Culture
The Language of Pictures
*Beginning with Advertisements
*v A Checklist for Analyzing the Arguments Offered in Advertisements
Writing abut Pictures
Analyzing a Picture: Navajo Dancers Entertaining a Tourist Train
Notes and a Sample Essay by a Student
The Analysis Analyzed
Thinking about Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California
A Sample Documented Essay by a Student
Photographers on Photography
Lou Jacobs Jr., What Qualities Does a Good Photograph Have?
v Checklist for Analyzing Pictures
An American Picture Album: Ten Images
PART I I
Up Close: Thinking Critically about Literary Works and Literary Forms
CHAPTER 10 Critical Thinking: Arguing with Oneself, Asking Questions and Making Comparisons
What Is Critical Thinking?
Asking and Answering Questions
Comparing and Contrasting
Analyzing and Evaluating Evidence
Thinking Critically: Arguing with Oneself, Asking Questions and Comparing--E. E. Cummings's "Buffalo Bill 's"
E. E. Cummings, BuffaloBill's
Rewriting a Poem
William Butler Yeats, Annunication
William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan (1924)
William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan (1925/1933)
Emily Dickinson: Three Versions of a Poem, and More
Emily Dickinson, I felt a Funeral, in my Brain
Emily Dickinson, I felt a Cleaving in my Mind-
Emily Dickinson, The Dust behind I strove to join
Imaginative Play: Thinking about Four Poems
William Butler Yeats, The Wild Swans at Coole
Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool
Andrew Hudgins, The Wild Swans Skip School
Anonymous, The Silver Swan
CHAPTER 11 Reading and Writing about Essays
Types of Essays
The Essayist's Persona
Voice
Tone
Pre-writing: Identifying the Topic and Thesis
Brent Staples, Black Men and Public Space
Stating the Thesis of an Essay
Drafting a Summary
v Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Essays
Your Turn: Essays for Analysis
Langston Hughes, Salvation
Laura Vanderkam, Hookups Starve the Soul
CHAPTER 12 Reading and Writing about Stories
Stories True and False
Grace Paley, Samuel
Elements of Fiction
Plot and Character
Foreshadowing
Setting and Atmosphere
Symbolism
Narrative Point of View
Style and Point of View
Theme
v Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Stories
Your Turn: Stories for Analysis
Anton Chekhov, Misery
* Louise Erdrich, The Red Convertible
Oscar Casares, Yolanda
CHAPTER 13 Writing Arguments about Short Stories: Two Case Studies
Case Study: Writing Arguments about Flannery O'Connor
Flannery O'Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Flannery O'Connor, Revelation
Remarks from Essays and Letters
From "The Fiction Writer and His Country"
From "Some Aspects of the Grotesque in Southern Fiction
From "The Nature and Aim of Fiction"
From "Writing Short Stories"
On Interpreting "A Good Man Is Hard to Find"
"A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable
Case Study: Writing Arguments about John Updike
John Updike, A&P (with manuscript pages)
John Updike, Pygmalion (with manuscript pages)
* John Updike, Separating
John Updike, Oliver's Evolution
John Updike on the Art of Fiction
Thinking about an Author's Manuscripts
What a Short Story Is
What Updike as a Reader Wants from a Short Story
On His Own Early Stories
On a Writer's Early Years
On the Importance of Fiction
CHAPTER 14 Fiction into Film
Asking Questions, Thinking Critically, and Making Comparisons
Film as a Medium
Film Techniques
Shots
Sequences
Editing
Theme
Comparing Filmed and Printed Stories
Getting Ready to Write
Drafting an Essay
v Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Film
Suggestions for Further Reading
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? and Smooth Talk: Short Story into Film
Your Turn: Thinking about Filming Fiction
CHAPTER 15 Reading and Writing about Plays
Types of Plays
Tragedy
Comedy
Elements of Drama
Theme
Plot
Gestures
Setting
Characterization and Motivation
Organizing an Analysis of a Character
First Draft
Revised Draft
v Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Plays
Reviewing a dramatic Production
A Sample Review by a Student: "An Effective Macbeth"
The Review Reviewed
Thinking about a Filmed Version of Play
Getting Ready to Write
v Checklist: Writing about a Filmed Play
Your Turn: Plays for Analysis
A Note on Greek Tragedy
Sophocles, Antigone
*David Ives, Sure Thing
CHAPTER 16 Thinking Critically about Plays
Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie
Tennessee Williams's Production Notes
The Screen Device
The Music
The Lighting
A Sample Essay by a Student
Preliminary Notes
Final Version of the Student's Essay: "The Solid Structure of The Glass Menagerie"
CHAPTER 17 Reading and Writing about Poems
Elements of Poetry
The Speaker and the Poet
Emily Dickinson, I'm Nobody! Who are you?
Emily Dickinson, Wild Nights--Wild Nights
The Language of Poetry: Diction and Tone
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 146 ( Poor soul, the center of my sinful earth )
Writing about the Speaker
Robert Frost, The Telephone
Journal Entries
Figurative Language
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130 ( My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun )
Dana Gioia, Money
Robert Frost, The Hardship of Accounting
Anonymous, Thirty Days Hath September
Imagery and Symbolism.
Edmund Waller, Song (Go, Lovely Rose)
William Blake, The Sick Rose
Linda Pastan, Jump Cabling
Verbal Irony and Paradox
Structure
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Clothes
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Herrick's Julia, Julia's Herrick"
The Argument Analyzed
Christina Rossetti, In an Artist's Studio
Explication
An Example
William Butler Yeats, The Balloon of the Mind
Annotations and Journal Entries
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Explication of W. B. Yeats's 'The Balloon of the
Mind'"
v Checklist: Explication
Rhythm and Versification: A Glossary for Reference
Meter
Patterns of Sound
Stanzaic Patterns
Billy Collins, Sonnet
Blank Verse and Free Verse
v Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Poems
Your Turn: Poems about People, Places, and Things
People
Robert Browning, My Last Duchess
E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town
Sylvia Plath, Daddy
Louise Erdrich, IndianBoarding School: The Runaways
Etheridge Knight, For Malcolm, a Year After
* Anne Sexton, Her Kind
Places
Basho, An Old Pond
Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones
William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium
James Wright, Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island,
Minnesota
Anonymous, Deep River
Things
William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow
Walt Whitman, A Noiseless Patient Spider
Thomas Hardy, The Photograph
CHAPTER 18 Writing Arguments about Poems: Three Case Studies
Case Study: Writing Arguments about Emily Dickinson
Emily Dickinson, I heard a Fly buzz--when I died--
Emily Dickinson, The Soul selects her own Society
Emily Dickinson , These are the days when Birds come back
Emily Dickinson, Papa above!
Emily Dickinson, There's a certain Slant of light
Emily Dickinson, This World is not Conclusion
Emily Dickinson, I got so I could bear his name--
Emily Dickinson, Those--dying, then
Emily Dickinson, Apparently with no surprise
Emily Dickinson, Tell all the Truth but tell it slant
A Sample Argument by a Student: "Religion and Religious Imagery in Emily Dickinson"
Case Study: Writing Arguments about Songs and Poems: America Sings the Blues
Short Views
W. C. Handy, St. LouisBlues
Bessie Smith, Thinking Blues
Robert Johnson, Walkin' Blues
Paul Laurence Dunbar, Blue
W. H. Auden, Funeral Blues
Langston Hughes, Too Blue
Johnny Cash, Folsom Prison Blues
Merle Haggard, Working Man Blues
Linda Pastan, Mini Blues
Allen Ginsberg, Father Death Blues
Charles Wright, Laguna Blues
Sherman Alexie, Reservation Blues
Case Study: Writing Arguments Comparing Poems and Pictures
A Sample Argument by a Student
Word and Image
Jane Flanders, Van Gogh's Bed
William Carlos Williams, The Great Figure
Adrienne Rich, Mourning Picture
Cathy Song, Beauty and Sadness
Mary Jo Salter, The Rebirth of Venus
Anne Sexton, The Starry Night
W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts
X. J. Kennedy, Nude Descending a Staircase
Greg Pape, American Flamingo
Carl Phillips, Luncheon on the Grass
John Updike, Before the Mirror
Wislawa Szymborska, Brueghel's Two Monkeys
PART I I I
Standing Back: A Thematic Anthology
CHAPTER 19 JOURNEYS
Short Views
Essays
Joan Didion, On Going Home
Montesquieu (Charles de Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu), Persian Letters
Stories
Eudora Welty, A Worn Path
Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson
Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh
Poems
John Keats, On first looking into Chapman's Homer
Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses
Carl Sandburg, Limited
Countee Cullen, Incident
William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark
Robert Frost, The Pasture
Wendell Berry, Stay Home
Adrienne Rich, Diving into the Wreck
Derek Walcott, A Far Cry from Africa
Sherman Alexie, On the Amtrak from Boston to New York City
Christina Rossetti, Uphill
Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death
CHAPTER 20 Love and Hate
Short Views
Essay
Judith Ortiz Cofer, I Fell in Love, or My Hormones Awakened
Stories
Ernest Hemingway, Cat in the Rain
A Student's Notes and Journal Entries on "Cat in the Rain"
Asking Questions about a Story
Sample Essay by a Student: "Hemingway's American Wife"
Second Example: An Essay Drawing on Related Material in the Chapter
Sample Essay by a Student: "Hemingway's Unhappy Lovers"
William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily
Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat
Bel Kaufman, Sunday in the Park
Raymond Carver, Cathedral
Poems
Anonymous, Western Wind
Christopher Marlowe, Come Live with Me and Be My Love
Sir Walter Raleigh, The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd
John Donne, The Bait
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29 (When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes)
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116 (Let me not to the marriage of true minds)
John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Morning
Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress
William Blake, The Garden of Love
William Blake, A Poison Tree
Walt Whitman, When I Heard at the Close of the Day
Edna St. Vincent Millay, Love Is Not All: It Is Not Meat nor Drink
Robert Frost, The Silken Tent
Adrienne Rich, Novella
Adrienne Rich, XI (from Twenty-One Love Poems)
Robert Pack, The Frog Prince
Joseph Brodsky, Love Song
Nikki Giovanni, Love in Place
Carol Muske, Chivalry
Kitty Tsui, A Chinese Banquet
Play
Terrence McNally, Andre's Mother
CHAPTER 21 Making Men and Women
Short Views
Essays
Steven Doloff, The Opposite Sex
Gretel Ehrlich, About Men
Stories
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper
Richard Wright, The Man Who Was Almost a Man
Gloria Naylor, The Two
Alice Munro, Boys and Girls
Poems
Anonymous Nursery Rhyme, What Are Little Boys Made Of
Anonymous, Higamus, Hogamus
*William Shakespeare, Sigh No More, Ladies
Dorothy Parker, General Review of the Sex Situation
* Louise Bogan, Women
Rita Dove, Daystar
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays
Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz
Sharon Olds, Rites of Passage
Frank O'Hara, Homosexuality
Julia Alvarez, Woman's Work
Marge Piercy, Barbie Doll
Play
Henrik Ibsen, A Doll's House
CHAPTER 22 Innocence and Experience
Short Views
Essay
Maya Angelou, Graduation
Stories
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown
James Joyce, Araby
Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Son from America
Poems
William Blake, Infant Joy
William Blake, Infant Sorrow
William Blake, The Echoing Green
William Blake, The Lamb
William Blake, the Tyger
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall
A. E. Housman, When I Was One-and-Twenty (A Shropshire Lad #13)
E. E. Cummings, in Just-
Louise Glueck, The School Children
Louise Glueck, Gretel in Darkness
Play
Case Study: Writing Arguments about Shakespeare's Hamlet
A Note on the Elizabethan Theater
A Note on Hamlet on the Stage
A Note on the Text of Hamlet
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Ernest Jones, Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex
Anne Barton, The Promulgation of Confusion
Stanley Wells, On the First Soliloquy
Elaine Showalter, Representing Ophelia
Claire Bloom, Playing Gertrude on Television
Bernice W. Kliman, The BBC Hamlet:A Television Production
Will Saretta, Branagh's Film of Hamlet
CHAPTER 23 Identity in America
Short Views
Essays
Anna Lisa Raya, It's Hard Enough Being Me
Andrew Lam, Who Will Light Incense When Mother's Gone?
Stories
Amy Tan, Two Kinds
Alice Walker, Everyday Use
Katherine Min, Courting a Monk
Poems
*Emma Lazarus, The Colossus
Thomas Bailey Aldrich, The Unguarded Gates
Joseph Bruchac III, Ellis Island
Aurora Levins Morales, Child of the Americas
Gloria Anzaldua, To Live in the Borderlands Means You
Jimmy Santiago Baca, So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs from Americans
Langston Hughes, Theme for English B
Pat Parker, For the white person who wants to know how to be my friend
Mitsuye Yamada, To the Lady
Play
Luis Valdez, Los Vendidos
Case Study: Writing Arguments about American Indian Identity
Lydia Howard Huntley Sigourney, The Indian's Welcome to the Pilgrim Fathers
Robert Frost, The Vanishing Red
Wendy Rose, Three Thousand Dollar Death Song
Nila northSun, Moving Camp Too Far
*CHAPTER 24 American Dreams and Nightmares
Short Views
Essays
*Chief Seattle, My People
* Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
*Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream
*Studs Terkel, Arnold Schwarzenegger's Dream
Stories
*Edward Everett Hale, The Man Without a Country
Langston Hughes, One Friday Morning
*William Carlos Williams, The Use of Force
*Shirley Jackson, The Lottery
*Grace Paley, A Man Told Me the Story of His Life
Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried
Poems
*Ralph Waldo Emerson, ConcordHymn
*Anonymous, Go Down, Moses
*Anonymous, Didn't My Lord Deliver Daniel
*Robert Hayden, Frederick Douglass
Walt Whitman, Reconciliation
*Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden
*Lorna Dee Cervantes, Refugee Ship
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory
*Edgar Lee Masters, Minerva Jones
*Edgar Lee Masters, Doctor Meyers
*Edgar Lee Masters, MRs. Meyers
*Edgar Lee Masters, Lucinda Matlock
*Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California
*Marge Piercy, To be of use
*Marge Piercy, What's that Smell in the Kitchen?
Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It
Billy Collins, The Names
*Gwendolyn Brooks, The Bean Eaters
*Dorothy Parker, Resume
Case Study: Writing Arguments about the National Anthem
*Photographs: "Marines Raising the Flag on Mount Suribachi, Iwo Jima, February 23, 1945" and "What Is the Proper Way to Display a U.S, Flag"
*Caldwell Titcomb, Star-Spangled Earache; What So Loudly We Wail
*Hendrik Hertzberg, Star-Spangled Banter
*Francis Scott Key, The Star-Spangled Banner
*Samuel Francis Smith, America
*Katharine Lee Bates, Americathe Beautiful
*James Weldon Johnson, Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing
Plays
*Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun
*Janet Martin, Rodeo
CHAPTER 25 Law and Disorder
Short Views
Essays
Zora Neale Hurston, A Conflict of Interest
Martin Luther King Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail
Stories
Seven Very Short Stories
Aesop, A Lion and Other Animals Go Hunting
John (?), The Woman Taken in Adultery
Anonymous, Three Hasidic Tales
Franz Kafka, Before the Law
Elizabeth Bishop, The Hanging of the Mouse
Four Longer Stories
Ursula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas
William Faulkner, Barn Burning
James Alan McPherson, An Act of Prostitution
Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal
Poems
Anonymous, BirminghamJail
A. E. Housman, The Carpenter's Son
A. E. Housman, Eight O'Clock
A. E. Housman, Oh who is that young sinner
A. E. Housman, The laws of God, the laws of man
Edgar Lee Masters, Judge Selah Lively
*Edna St. Vincent Millay, Justice Denied in Massachusetts
*Countee Cullen, Not Sacco and Vanzetti
Claude McKay, If We Must Die
Jimmy Santiago Baca, Cloudy Day
Play
Susan Glaspell, Trifles
Appendix A Remarks about Manuscript Form
Basic Manuscript Form
Corrections in the Final Copy
Quotations and Quotation Marks
Quotation Marks or Underlining?
A Note on the Possessive
Documentation: Footnotes, Internal Parenthetical Citations, and a List of Works Cited (MLA Format)
Footnotes
Internal Parenthetic Citations
Parenthetical Citations and List of works Cited
Forms of Citation in Works Cited
Citing Sources on the World Wide Web
v Checklist: Citing Sources on the World Wide Web
MLA General Conventions
Appendix B Writing about Literature: An Overview of Critical Strategies
The Nature of Critical Writing
Criticism as Argument: Assumptions and Evidence
Some Critical Strategies
Formalist Criticism (*Criticism)
Deconstruction
Reader-Response Criticism
Archetypal Criticism (Myth Criticism)
Historical Criticism
Psychological or Psychoanalytic Criticism
Gender Criticism (Feminist, and Lesbian and Gay Criticism
Your Turn: Putting Critical Strategies to Work
Suggestions for Further Reading
*Appendix C Writing Essay Examinations
Why Do Instructors Give Examinations?
Getting Ready
Writing Arguments Under Pressure
Literary Credits
Photo Credits
Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poems
Index of Terms
List of Illustrations
Preface to Instructors
Letter to Students
PART I
Getting Started: From Response to Argument
CHAPTER 1 The Writer as Reader
Reading and Responding
Kate Chopin, Ripe Figs
Reading as Re-creation
Collecting Evidence, Making Reasonable Inferences
Reading with Pen in Hand
Recording Your First Responses
Identifying Your Audience and Purpose
Your Turn: Arguing a Thesis in an Essay
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Images of Ripening in Kate Chopin's `Ripe Figs'"
The Argument Analyzed
*Behind the Scenes: Tenori's Essay, from Early Responses to Final Version
Other Possibilities for Writing
*A Second Story about a Young Woman: Michele Serros, Senior Picture Day
Two Stories about a Bitter Argument
Raymond Carver, Mine
Raymond Carver, Little Things
Your Turn: Writing an Argument about Carver's Two Stories
CHAPTER 2 The Reader as Writer
Developing a Thesis, Drafting, and Writing an Argument
Pre-writing: Getting Ideas
Annotating a Text
More about Getting Ideas: A Second Story by Kate Chopin
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour
Brainstorming for Ideas for Writing
Focused Free Writing
Listing
Asking Questions
Keeping a Journal
Arguing with Yourself: Critical Thinking
Arguing a Thesis
Drafting Your Argument
v Checklist: Thesis Sentence
A Sample Draft: "Ironies in an Hour"
Revising an Argument
Outlining an Argument
Soliciting Peer Review, Thinking about Counterarguments
Final Version of the Sample Essay: "Ironies of Life in Kate Chopin's 'The Story of an
Hour'"
A Brief Overview of the Final Version
Writing on Your Computer
v Checklist: Writing with a Computer
Your Turn: Two Additional Stories
Kate Chopin, The Storm
Kate Chopin, Desiree's Baby
*John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums
A Note about Literary Evaluations
* CHAPTER 3 Literature and Argument
Beginning with Proverbs: Proverbs as Arguments
Arguments in Lyric Poems
*A. E. Housman, Loveliest of Trees
*John Donne, The Flea
Fables and Arguments
*Aesop Three Fables: The Pine-tree and the Bramble, The Snake and the Farmer, The
City Mouse and the Country Mouse
*William March, Aesop's Last Fable
Thinking Further about Messages in Literature
*Emily Wu, The Lesson of the Master
*Linda Pastan, Ethics
CHAPTER 4 Reading Literature Closely: Explication
What is Literature?
Literature and Form
Form and Meaning
Robert Frost, The Span of Life
Reading in Slow Motion
Explication
A Sample Explication
Langston Hughes, Harlem
Working Toward an Explication
Some Journal Entries
A Sample Essay by a Student (Final Version): "Langston Hughes' 'Harlem"'
Explication as Argument
v Checklist: Drafting an Explication
Why Write? Purpose and Audience
Your Turn: Poems for Explication
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 (That time of year thou mayst in me behold)
John Donne, Holy Sonnet XIV (Batter my heart, three-personed God )
Emily Bronte, Spellbound
Li-Young Lee, I Ask My Mother to Sing
Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
*Elizabeth Bishop, One Art
CHAPTER 5 Reading Literature Closely: Analysis
Analysis
Analyzing a Story from the Hebrew Bible: The Judgment of Solomon
The Judgment of Solomon
Analyzing the Story
Other Possible Topics for Analysis
Analyzing a Story from the *Testament: The Parable of the Prodigal Son
The Parable of the Prodigal Son
Summary
Paraphrase
Comparison: An Analytic Tool
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Two *Women"
Looking at the Essay
v Checklist: Revising a Comparison
Evaluation in Explication and Analysis
Choosing a Topic and Developing a Thesis in an Analytic Paper
Analyzing a Story
James Thurber, The Secret Life of Walter Mitty
Working Toward a Thesis: Journal Entries
Developing the Thesis: List Notes
Sample Draft by a Student: "Walter Mitty Is No Joke"
Developing an Argument
Introductory Paragraph
Middle Paragraphs
Concluding Paragraphs
Coherence in Paragraphs: Using Transitions
v Checklist: Revising Paragraphs
Review: Writing an Analysis
A Note on Technical Terminology
A Lyric Poem and a Student's Argument
Aphra Behn, Song Love Armed
Journal Entries
A Sample Essay by a Student: "The Double Nature of Love"
v Checklist: Editing a Draft
Your Turn: Short Stories and Poems for Analysis
Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado
Guy de Maupassant, The Necklace
Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
Jose Armas, El Tonto del Barrio
Leslie Marmon Silko, The Man to Send Rain Clouds
*Billy Collins, Introduction to Poetry
Robert Frost, Come In
*Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken
Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
Lyn Lifshin, My Mother and the Bed
Martin Espada, Bully
CHAPTER 6 Arguing an Interpretation
Interpretation and Meaning
Is the Author's Intention a Guide to Meaning?
What Characterizes a Sound Interpretation?
An Example: Interpreting Pat Mora's "Immigrants"
Pat Mora, Immigrants
Thinking Critically about Responses to Literature
Two Interpretations by Students
Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Sample Essay by a Student: "Stopping by Woods--and Going On"
Sample Essay by a Student: "'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' as a
Short Story"
Your Turn: Poems for Interpretation
John Milton, When I Consider How My Light Is Spent
Robert Frost, Mending Wall
William Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal
T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn
*Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed
*Gwendolyn Brooks, The Mother
CHAPTER 7 Arguing an Evaluation
Criticism and Evaluation
Are There Critical Standards?
Morality and Truth as Standards
Other Ways of Thinking about Truth and Realism
Your Turn: Poems and Stories for Evaluation
*Sarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf Link
Matthew Arnold, DoverBeach
Anthony Hecht, The Dover Bitch
*Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est
*Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth
*Henry Reed, Naming of Parts
Robert Frost, Design
Ira Gershwin, The Man That Got Away
Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill
*W. Somerset Maugham, The Appointment in Samarra
*O. Henry, The Ransom of Red Chief
Tobias Wolff, Powder
A Note about Literary Evaluations
CHAPTER 8 Research: Writing with Sources
What Research Is Not, and What Research Is
Primary and Secondary Materials
Locating Materials: First Steps
Other Bibliographic Aids
Electronic Sources
Encyclopedias: Electronic Versions
The Internet/World Wide Web
Evaluating Sources on the World Wide Web
What Does Your Own Institution Offer?
Using the World Wide Web
Taking Notes
Two Mechanical Aids: The Photocopier and the Computer
A Guide to Note-Taking
Drafting the Paper
Focus on Primary Sources
Avoiding Plagiarism
Literature, History, and the World Wide Web
Case Study on Literature and History: Writing Arguments about the Internment of
Japanese Americans
Literary Texts
Mitsuye Yamada, The Question of Loyalty
David Mura, An Argument: On 1942
Historical Sources
Basic Reference Books (Short Paper)
Getting Deeper (Medium Paper)
v Checklist: Researching a Literary Historical Paper
A Review of Researching a Literary History Paper
Other Reference Sources (Long Paper)
Too Much Information?
CHAPTER 9 Reading and Writing about Visual Culture
The Language of Pictures
*Beginning with Advertisements
*v A Checklist for Analyzing the Arguments Offered in Advertisements
Writing abut Pictures
Analyzing a Picture: Navajo Dancers Entertaining a Tourist Train
Notes and a Sample Essay by a Student
The Analysis Analyzed
Thinking about Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California
A Sample Documented Essay by a Student
Photographers on Photography
Lou Jacobs Jr., What Qualities Does a Good Photograph Have?
v Checklist for Analyzing Pictures
An American Picture Album: Ten Images
PART I I
Up Close: Thinking Critically about Literary Works and Literary Forms
CHAPTER 10 Critical Thinking: Arguing with Oneself, Asking Questions and Making Comparisons
What Is Critical Thinking?
Asking and Answering Questions
Comparing and Contrasting
Analyzing and Evaluating Evidence
Thinking Critically: Arguing with Oneself, Asking Questions and Comparing--E. E. Cummings's "Buffalo Bill 's"
E. E. Cummings, BuffaloBill's
Rewriting a Poem
William Butler Yeats, Annunication
William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan (1924)
William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan (1925/1933)
Emily Dickinson: Three Versions of a Poem, and More
Emily Dickinson, I felt a Funeral, in my Brain
Emily Dickinson, I felt a Cleaving in my Mind-
Emily Dickinson, The Dust behind I strove to join
Imaginative Play: Thinking about Four Poems
William Butler Yeats, The Wild Swans at Coole
Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool
Andrew Hudgins, The Wild Swans Skip School
Anonymous, The Silver Swan
CHAPTER 11 Reading and Writing about Essays
Types of Essays
The Essayist's Persona
Voice
Tone
Pre-writing: Identifying the Topic and Thesis
Brent Staples, Black Men and Public Space
Stating the Thesis of an Essay
Drafting a Summary
v Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Essays
Your Turn: Essays for Analysis
Langston Hughes, Salvation
Laura Vanderkam, Hookups Starve the Soul
CHAPTER 12 Reading and Writing about Stories
Stories True and False
Grace Paley, Samuel
Elements of Fiction
Plot and Character
Foreshadowing
Setting and Atmosphere
Symbolism
Narrative Point of View
Style and Point of View
Theme
v Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Stories
Your Turn: Stories for Analysis
Anton Chekhov, Misery
* Louise Erdrich, The Red Convertible
Oscar Casares, Yolanda
CHAPTER 13 Writing Arguments about Short Stories: Two Case Studies
Case Study: Writing Arguments about Flannery O'Connor
Flannery O'Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Flannery O'Connor, Revelation
Remarks from Essays and Letters
From "The Fiction Writer and His Country"
From "Some Aspects of the Grotesque in Southern Fiction
From "The Nature and Aim of Fiction"
From "Writing Short Stories"
On Interpreting "A Good Man Is Hard to Find"
"A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable
Case Study: Writing Arguments about John Updike
John Updike, A&P (with manuscript pages)
John Updike, Pygmalion (with manuscript pages)
* John Updike, Separating
John Updike, Oliver's Evolution
John Updike on the Art of Fiction
Thinking about an Author's Manuscripts
What a Short Story Is
What Updike as a Reader Wants from a Short Story
On His Own Early Stories
On a Writer's Early Years
On the Importance of Fiction
CHAPTER 14 Fiction into Film
Asking Questions, Thinking Critically, and Making Comparisons
Film as a Medium
Film Techniques
Shots
Sequences
Editing
Theme
Comparing Filmed and Printed Stories
Getting Ready to Write
Drafting an Essay
v Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Film
Suggestions for Further Reading
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? and Smooth Talk: Short Story into Film
Your Turn: Thinking about Filming Fiction
CHAPTER 15 Reading and Writing about Plays
Types of Plays
Tragedy
Comedy
Elements of Drama
Theme
Plot
Gestures
Setting
Characterization and Motivation
Organizing an Analysis of a Character
First Draft
Revised Draft
v Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Plays
Reviewing a dramatic Production
A Sample Review by a Student: "An Effective Macbeth"
The Review Reviewed
Thinking about a Filmed Version of Play
Getting Ready to Write
v Checklist: Writing about a Filmed Play
Your Turn: Plays for Analysis
A Note on Greek Tragedy
Sophocles, Antigone
*David Ives, Sure Thing
CHAPTER 16 Thinking Critically about Plays
Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie
Tennessee Williams's Production Notes
The Screen Device
The Music
The Lighting
A Sample Essay by a Student
Preliminary Notes
Final Version of the Student's Essay: "The Solid Structure of The Glass Menagerie"
CHAPTER 17 Reading and Writing about Poems
Elements of Poetry
The Speaker and the Poet
Emily Dickinson, I'm Nobody! Who are you?
Emily Dickinson, Wild Nights--Wild Nights
The Language of Poetry: Diction and Tone
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 146 ( Poor soul, the center of my sinful earth )
Writing about the Speaker
Robert Frost, The Telephone
Journal Entries
Figurative Language
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130 ( My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun )
Dana Gioia, Money
Robert Frost, The Hardship of Accounting
Anonymous, Thirty Days Hath September
Imagery and Symbolism.
Edmund Waller, Song (Go, Lovely Rose)
William Blake, The Sick Rose
Linda Pastan, Jump Cabling
Verbal Irony and Paradox
Structure
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Clothes
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Herrick's Julia, Julia's Herrick"
The Argument Analyzed
Christina Rossetti, In an Artist's Studio
Explication
An Example
William Butler Yeats, The Balloon of the Mind
Annotations and Journal Entries
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Explication of W. B. Yeats's 'The Balloon of the
Mind'"
v Checklist: Explication
Rhythm and Versification: A Glossary for Reference
Meter
Patterns of Sound
Stanzaic Patterns
Billy Collins, Sonnet
Blank Verse and Free Verse
v Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Poems
Your Turn: Poems about People, Places, and Things
People
Robert Browning, My Last Duchess
E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town
Sylvia Plath, Daddy
Louise Erdrich, IndianBoarding School: The Runaways
Etheridge Knight, For Malcolm, a Year After
* Anne Sexton, Her Kind
Places
Basho, An Old Pond
Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones
William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium
James Wright, Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island,
Minnesota
Anonymous, Deep River
Things
William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow
Walt Whitman, A Noiseless Patient Spider
Thomas Hardy, The Photograph
CHAPTER 18 Writing Arguments about Poems: Three Case Studies
Case Study: Writing Arguments about Emily Dickinson
Emily Dickinson, I heard a Fly buzz--when I died--
Emily Dickinson, The Soul selects her own Society
Emily Dickinson , These are the days when Birds come back
Emily Dickinson, Papa above!
Emily Dickinson, There's a certain Slant of light
Emily Dickinson, This World is not Conclusion
Emily Dickinson, I got so I could bear his name--
Emily Dickinson, Those--dying, then
Emily Dickinson, Apparently with no surprise
Emily Dickinson, Tell all the Truth but tell it slant
A Sample Argument by a Student: "Religion and Religious Imagery in Emily Dickinson"
Case Study: Writing Arguments about Songs and Poems: America Sings the Blues
Short Views
W. C. Handy, St. LouisBlues
Bessie Smith, Thinking Blues
Robert Johnson, Walkin' Blues
Paul Laurence Dunbar, Blue
W. H. Auden, Funeral Blues
Langston Hughes, Too Blue
Johnny Cash, Folsom Prison Blues
Merle Haggard, Working Man Blues
Linda Pastan, Mini Blues
Allen Ginsberg, Father Death Blues
Charles Wright, Laguna Blues
Sherman Alexie, Reservation Blues
Case Study: Writing Arguments Comparing Poems and Pictures
A Sample Argument by a Student
Word and Image
Jane Flanders, Van Gogh's Bed
William Carlos Williams, The Great Figure
Adrienne Rich, Mourning Picture
Cathy Song, Beauty and Sadness
Mary Jo Salter, The Rebirth of Venus
Anne Sexton, The Starry Night
W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts
X. J. Kennedy, Nude Descending a Staircase
Greg Pape, American Flamingo
Carl Phillips, Luncheon on the Grass
John Updike, Before the Mirror
Wislawa Szymborska, Brueghel's Two Monkeys
PART I I I
Standing Back: A Thematic Anthology
CHAPTER 19 JOURNEYS
Short Views
Essays
Joan Didion, On Going Home
Montesquieu (Charles de Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu), Persian Letters
Stories
Eudora Welty, A Worn Path
Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson
Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh
Poems
John Keats, On first looking into Chapman's Homer
Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses
Carl Sandburg, Limited
Countee Cullen, Incident
William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark
Robert Frost, The Pasture
Wendell Berry, Stay Home
Adrienne Rich, Diving into the Wreck
Derek Walcott, A Far Cry from Africa
Sherman Alexie, On the Amtrak from Boston to New York City
Christina Rossetti, Uphill
Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death
CHAPTER 20 Love and Hate
Short Views
Essay
Judith Ortiz Cofer, I Fell in Love, or My Hormones Awakened
Stories
Ernest Hemingway, Cat in the Rain
A Student's Notes and Journal Entries on "Cat in the Rain"
Asking Questions about a Story
Sample Essay by a Student: "Hemingway's American Wife"
Second Example: An Essay Drawing on Related Material in the Chapter
Sample Essay by a Student: "Hemingway's Unhappy Lovers"
William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily
Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat
Bel Kaufman, Sunday in the Park
Raymond Carver, Cathedral
Poems
Anonymous, Western Wind
Christopher Marlowe, Come Live with Me and Be My Love
Sir Walter Raleigh, The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd
John Donne, The Bait
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29 (When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes)
William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116 (Let me not to the marriage of true minds)
John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Morning
Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress
William Blake, The Garden of Love
William Blake, A Poison Tree
Walt Whitman, When I Heard at the Close of the Day
Edna St. Vincent Millay, Love Is Not All: It Is Not Meat nor Drink
Robert Frost, The Silken Tent
Adrienne Rich, Novella
Adrienne Rich, XI (from Twenty-One Love Poems)
Robert Pack, The Frog Prince
Joseph Brodsky, Love Song
Nikki Giovanni, Love in Place
Carol Muske, Chivalry
Kitty Tsui, A Chinese Banquet
Play
Terrence McNally, Andre's Mother
CHAPTER 21 Making Men and Women
Short Views
Essays
Steven Doloff, The Opposite Sex
Gretel Ehrlich, About Men
Stories
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper
Richard Wright, The Man Who Was Almost a Man
Gloria Naylor, The Two
Alice Munro, Boys and Girls
Poems
Anonymous Nursery Rhyme, What Are Little Boys Made Of
Anonymous, Higamus, Hogamus
*William Shakespeare, Sigh No More, Ladies
Dorothy Parker, General Review of the Sex Situation
* Louise Bogan, Women
Rita Dove, Daystar
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays
Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz
Sharon Olds, Rites of Passage
Frank O'Hara, Homosexuality
Julia Alvarez, Woman's Work
Marge Piercy, Barbie Doll
Play
Henrik Ibsen, A Doll's House
CHAPTER 22 Innocence and Experience
Short Views
Essay
Maya Angelou, Graduation
Stories
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown
James Joyce, Araby
Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Son from America
Poems
William Blake, Infant Joy
William Blake, Infant Sorrow
William Blake, The Echoing Green
William Blake, The Lamb
William Blake, the Tyger
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall
A. E. Housman, When I Was One-and-Twenty (A Shropshire Lad #13)
E. E. Cummings, in Just-
Louise Glueck, The School Children
Louise Glueck, Gretel in Darkness
Play
Case Study: Writing Arguments about Shakespeare's Hamlet
A Note on the Elizabethan Theater
A Note on Hamlet on the Stage
A Note on the Text of Hamlet
William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Ernest Jones, Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex
Anne Barton, The Promulgation of Confusion
Stanley Wells, On the First Soliloquy
Elaine Showalter, Representing Ophelia
Claire Bloom, Playing Gertrude on Television
Bernice W. Kliman, The BBC Hamlet:A Television Production
Will Saretta, Branagh's Film of Hamlet
CHAPTER 23 Identity in America
Short Views
Essays
Anna Lisa Raya, It's Hard Enough Being Me
Andrew Lam, Who Will Light Incense When Mother's Gone?
Stories
Amy Tan, Two Kinds
Alice Walker, Everyday Use
Katherine Min, Courting a Monk
Poems
*Emma Lazarus, The Colossus
Thomas Bailey Aldrich, The Unguarded Gates
Joseph Bruchac III, Ellis Island
Aurora Levins Morales, Child of the Americas
Gloria Anzaldua, To Live in the Borderlands Means You
Jimmy Santiago Baca, So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs from Americans
Langston Hughes, Theme for English B
Pat Parker, For the white person who wants to know how to be my friend
Mitsuye Yamada, To the Lady
Play
Luis Valdez, Los Vendidos
Case Study: Writing Arguments about American Indian Identity
Lydia Howard Huntley Sigourney, The Indian's Welcome to the Pilgrim Fathers
Robert Frost, The Vanishing Red
Wendy Rose, Three Thousand Dollar Death Song
Nila northSun, Moving Camp Too Far
*CHAPTER 24 American Dreams and Nightmares
Short Views
Essays
*Chief Seattle, My People
* Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
*Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream
*Studs Terkel, Arnold Schwarzenegger's Dream
Stories
*Edward Everett Hale, The Man Without a Country
Langston Hughes, One Friday Morning
*William Carlos Williams, The Use of Force
*Shirley Jackson, The Lottery
*Grace Paley, A Man Told Me the Story of His Life
Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried
Poems
*Ralph Waldo Emerson, ConcordHymn
*Anonymous, Go Down, Moses
*Anonymous, Didn't My Lord Deliver Daniel
*Robert Hayden, Frederick Douglass
Walt Whitman, Reconciliation
*Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden
*Lorna Dee Cervantes, Refugee Ship
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory
*Edgar Lee Masters, Minerva Jones
*Edgar Lee Masters, Doctor Meyers
*Edgar Lee Masters, MRs. Meyers
*Edgar Lee Masters, Lucinda Matlock
*Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California
*Marge Piercy, To be of use
*Marge Piercy, What's that Smell in the Kitchen?
Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It
Billy Collins, The Names
*Gwendolyn Brooks, The Bean Eaters
*Dorothy Parker, Resume
Case Study: Writing Arguments about the National Anthem
*Photographs: "Marines Raising the Flag on Mount Suribachi, Iwo Jima, February 23, 1945" and "What Is the Proper Way to Display a U.S, Flag"
*Caldwell Titcomb, Star-Spangled Earache; What So Loudly We Wail
*Hendrik Hertzberg, Star-Spangled Banter
*Francis Scott Key, The Star-Spangled Banner
*Samuel Francis Smith, America
*Katharine Lee Bates, Americathe Beautiful
*James Weldon Johnson, Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing
Plays
*Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun
*Janet Martin, Rodeo
CHAPTER 25 Law and Disorder
Short Views
Essays
Zora Neale Hurston, A Conflict of Interest
Martin Luther King Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail
Stories
Seven Very Short Stories
Aesop, A Lion and Other Animals Go Hunting
John (?), The Woman Taken in Adultery
Anonymous, Three Hasidic Tales
Franz Kafka, Before the Law
Elizabeth Bishop, The Hanging of the Mouse
Four Longer Stories
Ursula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas
William Faulkner, Barn Burning
James Alan McPherson, An Act of Prostitution
Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal
Poems
Anonymous, BirminghamJail
A. E. Housman, The Carpenter's Son
A. E. Housman, Eight O'Clock
A. E. Housman, Oh who is that young sinner
A. E. Housman, The laws of God, the laws of man
Edgar Lee Masters, Judge Selah Lively
*Edna St. Vincent Millay, Justice Denied in Massachusetts
*Countee Cullen, Not Sacco and Vanzetti
Claude McKay, If We Must Die
Jimmy Santiago Baca, Cloudy Day
Play
Susan Glaspell, Trifles
Appendix A Remarks about Manuscript Form
Basic Manuscript Form
Corrections in the Final Copy
Quotations and Quotation Marks
Quotation Marks or Underlining?
A Note on the Possessive
Documentation: Footnotes, Internal Parenthetical Citations, and a List of Works Cited (MLA Format)
Footnotes
Internal Parenthetic Citations
Parenthetical Citations and List of works Cited
Forms of Citation in Works Cited
Citing Sources on the World Wide Web
v Checklist: Citing Sources on the World Wide Web
MLA General Conventions
Appendix B Writing about Literature: An Overview of Critical Strategies
The Nature of Critical Writing
Criticism as Argument: Assumptions and Evidence
Some Critical Strategies
Formalist Criticism (*Criticism)
Deconstruction
Reader-Response Criticism
Archetypal Criticism (Myth Criticism)
Historical Criticism
Psychological or Psychoanalytic Criticism
Gender Criticism (Feminist, and Lesbian and Gay Criticism
Your Turn: Putting Critical Strategies to Work
Suggestions for Further Reading
*Appendix C Writing Essay Examinations
Why Do Instructors Give Examinations?
Getting Ready
Writing Arguments Under Pressure
Literary Credits
Photo Credits
Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poems
Index of Terms