IBM WebSphere
Deployment and Advanced Configuration
Published on 9. September 2004
Book
Hardback
720 pages
978-0-13-146862-7 (ISBN)
Description
IBM WebSphere is IBM's flagship application server and competes directlywith BEA WebLogic. This book is a great companion volume to Brown etal's'Enterprise Java Programming with IBM WebSphere, 2e'. Brown's bookcovers the programming model while this book covers the deployment andadministrative model.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
Armonk
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 184 mm
Width: 243 mm
Thickness: 38 mm
Weight
1161 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-13-146862-7 (9780131468627)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Persons
Roland Barcia is a Consulting I/T Specialist with IBM's Software Services for WebSphere, and he specializes in helping enterprise clients implement WebSphere, J2EE, and Web services solutions.
Bill Hines is a Certified Consulting I/T Specialist with IBM's Software Services for WebSphere. His expertise includes installation, configuration, tuning, dynacache, security, troubleshooting, and design/architecture of enterprise J2EE WebSphere applications.
Tom Alcott is an IBM Consulting I/T Specialist and a member of IBM's World Wide WebSphere technical sales support team, assisting customers in both the United States and abroad.
Keys Botzum is a Senior Consulting I/T Specialist with IBM Software Services for WebSphere. He has over 10 years' experience in large-scale distributed system design and now specializes in security.
(c) Copyright Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Bill Hines is a Certified Consulting I/T Specialist with IBM's Software Services for WebSphere. His expertise includes installation, configuration, tuning, dynacache, security, troubleshooting, and design/architecture of enterprise J2EE WebSphere applications.
Tom Alcott is an IBM Consulting I/T Specialist and a member of IBM's World Wide WebSphere technical sales support team, assisting customers in both the United States and abroad.
Keys Botzum is a Senior Consulting I/T Specialist with IBM Software Services for WebSphere. He has over 10 years' experience in large-scale distributed system design and now specializes in security.
(c) Copyright Pearson Education. All rights reserved.
Content
Foreword.
I. INTRODUCTION TO WEBSPHERE AND DEPLOYMENT.
1. Introduction.
Who Should Read This Book.
Why Concentrate So Much on Deployment?
How This Book Is Organized.
Introduction to WebSphere.
Conclusion.
2. J2EE Applications.
Understanding J2EE and J2EE Applications.
J2EE Packaging.
EAR File.
Deployment Descriptors.
EAR Deployment Descriptors.
Conclusion.
3. WAS Quick Start.
Overview of Applications Used Throughout This Book.
WAS Deployment Quick Start.
Configuring a File Sample Security Registry.
Deploying Applications to WAS.
Verify Deployment.
Conclusion.
4. Build and Deploy Procedures.
Procedures Matter.
Development and Build Terminology.
Build and Deployment Models.
Assemble Connection Model.
Assemble Export Model.
Assemble Server Model.
Automation.
Build Automation.
Deployment Automation.
Combining Build and Deployment Automation.
Configuration Automation.
Adding Configuration Automation to Build and Deploy Automation.
Conclusion.
5. WebSphere Application Server Architecture.
Runtime Architecture.
Application Clients.
Administration Clients.
WebSphere Architecture Terms.
WAS Resource Scope.
Classloaders in WebSphere.
JNDI in WAS.
Logging and Tracing in WAS.
Conclusion.
Part II. J2EE DEPLOYMENT AND ADMINISTRATION.
6. J2EE Web Applications and the Web Container.
J2EE Web Application Technologies.
Servlets.
Java Server Pages.
Filters and Life-Cycle Listeners.
J2EE Web Application Characteristics.
HTTP Session.
WAS Web Container.
Web Container Components.
Web Application Descriptors and Packaging.
Web Deployment Descriptors.
Packaging Web Application in WAR Files.
Automation.
Examining the Build Scripts.
Running the Build Process.
Conclusion.
7. JDBC as a Resource.
JDBC and J2EE Services.
Resource References.
JDBC Object Types.
JDBC Provider/Driver.
JDBC Data Source.
JDBC Connection.
JDBC Connection Pool.
SQLJ.
JDBC Isolation Levels.
J2EE Connector Architecture.
Resource Adapter.
Automation.
Examining JDBC wsadmin Scripts.
Running the Build and Deployment Process.
Conclusion.
8. J2EE Connector Architecture.
J2C Architecture.
J2C Resource Adapters.
J2C System Contracts.
J2C Common Client Interface.
WAS J2C Implementation.
WebSphere Relational Resource Adapter.
CICS Resource Adapter.
Conclusion.
9. EnterpriseJavaBeans.
Introduction to Enterprise JavaBeans.
Enterprise JavaBean Types.
Enterprise JavaBean Elements.
Enterprise JavaBean Deployment with WAS.
Enterprise JavaBean Module.
Build and Deployment Analysis.
Conclusion.
10. CMP and Advanced EJB Settings.
Understanding CMP 2.0.
Abstract Schema.
Container Managed Relationships.
EJB Query Language (EJB-QL).
WebSphere Persistence Architecture.
Bean and Data Caching.
Configuring the Bean Cache.
Configuring Entity Bean Cache Options.
Configuring EJB Data Cache.
Distributed Cache Synchronization.
Dealing with Isolation Levels in CMP.
Access Intent.
Application Profiling.
Schema Mapping.
So Why Does the Deployer Care?
Automation.
Conclusion.
11. Transactions with WebSphere Application Server.
Introduction to Transactions.
ACID Properties.
Transactional Scope.
Distributed Transactions.
J2EE Applications and Transactions.
J2EE Transaction Model.
Using Transactions.
WebSphere Application Server Transaction Manager.
WebSphere Transactional Enhancements.
Distributed Transaction Failure Recovery.
Advanced Recovery Considerations.
Transaction Performance.
Transaction Troubleshooting.
Conclusion.
12. JMS and Message Driven Beans.
Understanding JMS and Message Driven Beans.
Understanding Messaging.
Java Messaging Service.
Transactional Behavior in JMS.
JMS in WebSphere Application Server.
JMS Providers.
Message Driven Beans.
Message Driven Bean Configuration.
JMS Security.
Automation.
Defining JMS Configuration with wsadmin.
Run the Build Deployment Process.
Conclusion.
13. Other Resources.
URL Resources.
URL Resources and Properties Files.
Creating a URL Resource with wsadmin.
JavaMail.
Mail Providers.
JavaMail Tips.
Creating a Mail Session with wsadmin.
Conclusion.
14. Client Applications.
What Is a "Client Application?".
Types of WAS-Supported Client Applications.
Client Application Examples.
WAS Application Clients CD.
J2EE Clients.
J2EE Client Packaging.
J2EE Clients and Resources.
Running J2EE Clients.
Thin Clients.
Pluggable Clients.
Applet Clients.
ActiveX Clients.
Conclusion.
III. MANAGING WEBSPHERE APPLICATION SERVER INFRASTRUCTURE.
15. Advanced Considerations for Build.
Application Packaging.
Understanding J2EE Packaging.
Sharing Common EJBs.
Sharing Utility Code.
Verification in Large Development Environments.
Conclusion.
16. Ideal Development and Testing Environments.
Ideal Development Environments.
Environment Stages.
Development Environment.
Development Integration Runtime.
System Test.
Performance/Load Test.
Pre-Production.
Production.
Process Matters.
Tools.
Load Tools.
Application Monitoring.
Troubleshooting.
Reducing Costs.
Pre-Production Staging.
System Test.
Performance Test.
Development Integration Test.
Conclusion.
17. JMX in WebSphere Application Server.
An Introduction to JMX.
Instrumentation Layer.
Agent Layer.
Distributed Services Layer.
JMX in WebSphere Application Server.
WAS MBeans via the MBeanInspector.
wsadmin MBean Access.
Writing Java Clients to Access MBeans.
Custom MBeans in WAS.
MBean Security.
JMX in WAS-Network Deployment.
JMX Communication in WAS.
Conclusion.
18. Security.
Why Security?
Limits and Reality.
Social Engineering.
WAS Security Architecture.
Authentication.
Authorization.
Advanced Considerations for Security Configuration.
Hardening Security.
Total System View-The Details Matter.
Infrastructure-Based Preventative Measures.
Application-Based Preventative Measures-Configuration.
Application-Based Preventative Measures-Design/Implementation.
Troubleshooting.
Conclusion.
19. WebSphere Caching.
Caching Opportunities.
Caching Implications on Performance.
Caching Static Files.
Static File Handling.
Browser Caching.
Web Server Caching.
WAS Plug-In Static Caching.
Dynamic Caching.
Dynamic Caching Options.
Dynamic Caching Concepts.
Planning for Caching.
Caching Further Out.
External Caches.
Web Tier Dynamic Caching.
Caching at the Edge.
Advanced Caching Topics.
Data Replication Service (DRS).
Troubleshooting Caching Problems.
Conclusion.
IV. WEBSPHERE APPLICATION SERVER NETWORK DEPLOYMENT.
20. WAS Network Deployment Architecture.
WebSphere Architecture Terms.
Server.
Node.
Cell.
Cluster.
Managed Processes.
Runtime Architecture.
Deployment Manager.
Node Agent.
Application Server.
JMS Server.
Administration Clients.
Web Services Gateway.
UDDI Registry.
Edge Components.
ND Cell Administration.
Cell Creation.
Namespace.
Persistent Namespace Bindings.
Distributed Replication Service.
DRS Concepts.
DRS Topologies.
DRS Configuration.
Conclusion.
21. WAS Network Deployment Clustering.
WebSphere Clustering Architecture.
Hardware Clustering.
WAS-ND Clustering.
Web Container Failover.
EJB Container Failover.
Weighted WLM.
Creating WebSphere Application Server-ND Clusters.
Application Installation and Maintenance.
Application Deployment Considerations.
Application Installation.
Application Maintenance.
Hardware Clustering and WAS-ND.
Other Components.
Firewall.
Database Server.
LDAP Server.
WAS-ND Administrative Runtime.
Node Agent High Availability.
Deployment Manager High Availability.
Topologies.
More Cells Increase Availability.
Conclusion.
22. Session Management.
Introduction to HTTP Session.
Session Tracking.
Cookies.
URL Rewriting.
SSL ID Tracking.
The Session API.
WAS Session Management Configuration.
Local and Distributed Session Options.
Distributed Sessions.
Session Tuning and Troubleshooting.
Conclusion.
23. WebSphere Edge Components.
Edge Topology.
Edge Devices.
Load Balancers.
Proxy Server.
WebSphere Edge Components Review.
Load Balancer.
Caching Proxy.
WebSphere Edge Components Implementation.
Load Balancer.
Topology Patterns on the Edge.
Conclusion.
V. Problem Determination and Server Tools.
24. Problem Determination.
Problem-Solving First Steps.
Problem Definition.
Understand the Problem.
Problem Validation.
Environment Validation.
HTTP Server Problem Determination.
Elsewhere Around the Infrastructure.
WAS General Problem Determination.
Console Messages.
WAS Logs.
Active WAS Problem Determination.
WebSphere Support and Related Utilities.
When All Else Fails.
Reproducing the Problem.
Building a Team.
Problem Determination Tools.
Power Tools.
WAS Minor Tools.
Problem Prevention.
Conclusion.
25. Performance Tuning Tools.
WAS Performance Monitoring Infrastructure.
Enabling PMI.
WebSphere-Supplied PMI Clients.
Performance Monitoring Servlet.
Tivoli Performance Viewer.
PMI Request Metrics.
Performance Advisor.
Runtime Performance Advisor.
Other Performance Tools.
WebSphere Thread Analyzer.
WebSphere Request Queues.
Performance Tuning in Practice.
Step 1-Construct a Throughput Curve.
Step 2-Test with the Performance Advisor.
Step 3-Validating the TPV Suggested Changes.
Step 4-Drill Down into Problem Components.
Step 5-Tune the Runtime or Change the Application.
Step 6-Repeat as Required.
Other Performance-Tuning Scenarios.
JVM Heap.
Pools.
Third-Party Tools.
Load Generation Tools.
Monitoring Tools.
Conclusion.
VI. APPENDIXES.
Appendix A. ANT WITH WEBSPHERE APPLICATION SERVER.
ANT Overview.
WebSphere Application Server ANT Tasks.
Common Attributes.
Assembly Tasks.
Deployment Tasks.
Administrative ANT Tasks.
Web Service ANT Tasks.
WebSphere Studio ANT.
Conclusion.
Appendix B. Deployment Checklist.
Testing.
Security
Environment.
Deployment Process.
Administration.
Appendix C. Setup Instructions for Samples.
Getting Products and Samples.
Installing Software.
WebSphere Application Server.
Application Server Toolkit.
WebSphere Studio Application Developer.
DB2 Universal Database.
Installing CVSNT.
Setting Up Examples.
Extracting WASDeployBook.zip.
Setting Up WSTRADE Database.
Viewing Source Code and Model Scripts in WebSphere Studio/ASTK.
Conclusion.
Appendix D. Web Services Gateway Clustering.
Web Services Gateway Overview.
Web Services Gateway and Channel Installation.
Web Services Gateway and Channel Configuration.
Web Services Gateway Configuration Cloning.
HTTP Server Plug-In Configuration.
Conclusion.
References.
Index.
I. INTRODUCTION TO WEBSPHERE AND DEPLOYMENT.
1. Introduction.
Who Should Read This Book.
Why Concentrate So Much on Deployment?
How This Book Is Organized.
Introduction to WebSphere.
Conclusion.
2. J2EE Applications.
Understanding J2EE and J2EE Applications.
J2EE Packaging.
EAR File.
Deployment Descriptors.
EAR Deployment Descriptors.
Conclusion.
3. WAS Quick Start.
Overview of Applications Used Throughout This Book.
WAS Deployment Quick Start.
Configuring a File Sample Security Registry.
Deploying Applications to WAS.
Verify Deployment.
Conclusion.
4. Build and Deploy Procedures.
Procedures Matter.
Development and Build Terminology.
Build and Deployment Models.
Assemble Connection Model.
Assemble Export Model.
Assemble Server Model.
Automation.
Build Automation.
Deployment Automation.
Combining Build and Deployment Automation.
Configuration Automation.
Adding Configuration Automation to Build and Deploy Automation.
Conclusion.
5. WebSphere Application Server Architecture.
Runtime Architecture.
Application Clients.
Administration Clients.
WebSphere Architecture Terms.
WAS Resource Scope.
Classloaders in WebSphere.
JNDI in WAS.
Logging and Tracing in WAS.
Conclusion.
Part II. J2EE DEPLOYMENT AND ADMINISTRATION.
6. J2EE Web Applications and the Web Container.
J2EE Web Application Technologies.
Servlets.
Java Server Pages.
Filters and Life-Cycle Listeners.
J2EE Web Application Characteristics.
HTTP Session.
WAS Web Container.
Web Container Components.
Web Application Descriptors and Packaging.
Web Deployment Descriptors.
Packaging Web Application in WAR Files.
Automation.
Examining the Build Scripts.
Running the Build Process.
Conclusion.
7. JDBC as a Resource.
JDBC and J2EE Services.
Resource References.
JDBC Object Types.
JDBC Provider/Driver.
JDBC Data Source.
JDBC Connection.
JDBC Connection Pool.
SQLJ.
JDBC Isolation Levels.
J2EE Connector Architecture.
Resource Adapter.
Automation.
Examining JDBC wsadmin Scripts.
Running the Build and Deployment Process.
Conclusion.
8. J2EE Connector Architecture.
J2C Architecture.
J2C Resource Adapters.
J2C System Contracts.
J2C Common Client Interface.
WAS J2C Implementation.
WebSphere Relational Resource Adapter.
CICS Resource Adapter.
Conclusion.
9. EnterpriseJavaBeans.
Introduction to Enterprise JavaBeans.
Enterprise JavaBean Types.
Enterprise JavaBean Elements.
Enterprise JavaBean Deployment with WAS.
Enterprise JavaBean Module.
Build and Deployment Analysis.
Conclusion.
10. CMP and Advanced EJB Settings.
Understanding CMP 2.0.
Abstract Schema.
Container Managed Relationships.
EJB Query Language (EJB-QL).
WebSphere Persistence Architecture.
Bean and Data Caching.
Configuring the Bean Cache.
Configuring Entity Bean Cache Options.
Configuring EJB Data Cache.
Distributed Cache Synchronization.
Dealing with Isolation Levels in CMP.
Access Intent.
Application Profiling.
Schema Mapping.
So Why Does the Deployer Care?
Automation.
Conclusion.
11. Transactions with WebSphere Application Server.
Introduction to Transactions.
ACID Properties.
Transactional Scope.
Distributed Transactions.
J2EE Applications and Transactions.
J2EE Transaction Model.
Using Transactions.
WebSphere Application Server Transaction Manager.
WebSphere Transactional Enhancements.
Distributed Transaction Failure Recovery.
Advanced Recovery Considerations.
Transaction Performance.
Transaction Troubleshooting.
Conclusion.
12. JMS and Message Driven Beans.
Understanding JMS and Message Driven Beans.
Understanding Messaging.
Java Messaging Service.
Transactional Behavior in JMS.
JMS in WebSphere Application Server.
JMS Providers.
Message Driven Beans.
Message Driven Bean Configuration.
JMS Security.
Automation.
Defining JMS Configuration with wsadmin.
Run the Build Deployment Process.
Conclusion.
13. Other Resources.
URL Resources.
URL Resources and Properties Files.
Creating a URL Resource with wsadmin.
JavaMail.
Mail Providers.
JavaMail Tips.
Creating a Mail Session with wsadmin.
Conclusion.
14. Client Applications.
What Is a "Client Application?".
Types of WAS-Supported Client Applications.
Client Application Examples.
WAS Application Clients CD.
J2EE Clients.
J2EE Client Packaging.
J2EE Clients and Resources.
Running J2EE Clients.
Thin Clients.
Pluggable Clients.
Applet Clients.
ActiveX Clients.
Conclusion.
III. MANAGING WEBSPHERE APPLICATION SERVER INFRASTRUCTURE.
15. Advanced Considerations for Build.
Application Packaging.
Understanding J2EE Packaging.
Sharing Common EJBs.
Sharing Utility Code.
Verification in Large Development Environments.
Conclusion.
16. Ideal Development and Testing Environments.
Ideal Development Environments.
Environment Stages.
Development Environment.
Development Integration Runtime.
System Test.
Performance/Load Test.
Pre-Production.
Production.
Process Matters.
Tools.
Load Tools.
Application Monitoring.
Troubleshooting.
Reducing Costs.
Pre-Production Staging.
System Test.
Performance Test.
Development Integration Test.
Conclusion.
17. JMX in WebSphere Application Server.
An Introduction to JMX.
Instrumentation Layer.
Agent Layer.
Distributed Services Layer.
JMX in WebSphere Application Server.
WAS MBeans via the MBeanInspector.
wsadmin MBean Access.
Writing Java Clients to Access MBeans.
Custom MBeans in WAS.
MBean Security.
JMX in WAS-Network Deployment.
JMX Communication in WAS.
Conclusion.
18. Security.
Why Security?
Limits and Reality.
Social Engineering.
WAS Security Architecture.
Authentication.
Authorization.
Advanced Considerations for Security Configuration.
Hardening Security.
Total System View-The Details Matter.
Infrastructure-Based Preventative Measures.
Application-Based Preventative Measures-Configuration.
Application-Based Preventative Measures-Design/Implementation.
Troubleshooting.
Conclusion.
19. WebSphere Caching.
Caching Opportunities.
Caching Implications on Performance.
Caching Static Files.
Static File Handling.
Browser Caching.
Web Server Caching.
WAS Plug-In Static Caching.
Dynamic Caching.
Dynamic Caching Options.
Dynamic Caching Concepts.
Planning for Caching.
Caching Further Out.
External Caches.
Web Tier Dynamic Caching.
Caching at the Edge.
Advanced Caching Topics.
Data Replication Service (DRS).
Troubleshooting Caching Problems.
Conclusion.
IV. WEBSPHERE APPLICATION SERVER NETWORK DEPLOYMENT.
20. WAS Network Deployment Architecture.
WebSphere Architecture Terms.
Server.
Node.
Cell.
Cluster.
Managed Processes.
Runtime Architecture.
Deployment Manager.
Node Agent.
Application Server.
JMS Server.
Administration Clients.
Web Services Gateway.
UDDI Registry.
Edge Components.
ND Cell Administration.
Cell Creation.
Namespace.
Persistent Namespace Bindings.
Distributed Replication Service.
DRS Concepts.
DRS Topologies.
DRS Configuration.
Conclusion.
21. WAS Network Deployment Clustering.
WebSphere Clustering Architecture.
Hardware Clustering.
WAS-ND Clustering.
Web Container Failover.
EJB Container Failover.
Weighted WLM.
Creating WebSphere Application Server-ND Clusters.
Application Installation and Maintenance.
Application Deployment Considerations.
Application Installation.
Application Maintenance.
Hardware Clustering and WAS-ND.
Other Components.
Firewall.
Database Server.
LDAP Server.
WAS-ND Administrative Runtime.
Node Agent High Availability.
Deployment Manager High Availability.
Topologies.
More Cells Increase Availability.
Conclusion.
22. Session Management.
Introduction to HTTP Session.
Session Tracking.
Cookies.
URL Rewriting.
SSL ID Tracking.
The Session API.
WAS Session Management Configuration.
Local and Distributed Session Options.
Distributed Sessions.
Session Tuning and Troubleshooting.
Conclusion.
23. WebSphere Edge Components.
Edge Topology.
Edge Devices.
Load Balancers.
Proxy Server.
WebSphere Edge Components Review.
Load Balancer.
Caching Proxy.
WebSphere Edge Components Implementation.
Load Balancer.
Topology Patterns on the Edge.
Conclusion.
V. Problem Determination and Server Tools.
24. Problem Determination.
Problem-Solving First Steps.
Problem Definition.
Understand the Problem.
Problem Validation.
Environment Validation.
HTTP Server Problem Determination.
Elsewhere Around the Infrastructure.
WAS General Problem Determination.
Console Messages.
WAS Logs.
Active WAS Problem Determination.
WebSphere Support and Related Utilities.
When All Else Fails.
Reproducing the Problem.
Building a Team.
Problem Determination Tools.
Power Tools.
WAS Minor Tools.
Problem Prevention.
Conclusion.
25. Performance Tuning Tools.
WAS Performance Monitoring Infrastructure.
Enabling PMI.
WebSphere-Supplied PMI Clients.
Performance Monitoring Servlet.
Tivoli Performance Viewer.
PMI Request Metrics.
Performance Advisor.
Runtime Performance Advisor.
Other Performance Tools.
WebSphere Thread Analyzer.
WebSphere Request Queues.
Performance Tuning in Practice.
Step 1-Construct a Throughput Curve.
Step 2-Test with the Performance Advisor.
Step 3-Validating the TPV Suggested Changes.
Step 4-Drill Down into Problem Components.
Step 5-Tune the Runtime or Change the Application.
Step 6-Repeat as Required.
Other Performance-Tuning Scenarios.
JVM Heap.
Pools.
Third-Party Tools.
Load Generation Tools.
Monitoring Tools.
Conclusion.
VI. APPENDIXES.
Appendix A. ANT WITH WEBSPHERE APPLICATION SERVER.
ANT Overview.
WebSphere Application Server ANT Tasks.
Common Attributes.
Assembly Tasks.
Deployment Tasks.
Administrative ANT Tasks.
Web Service ANT Tasks.
WebSphere Studio ANT.
Conclusion.
Appendix B. Deployment Checklist.
Testing.
Security
Environment.
Deployment Process.
Administration.
Appendix C. Setup Instructions for Samples.
Getting Products and Samples.
Installing Software.
WebSphere Application Server.
Application Server Toolkit.
WebSphere Studio Application Developer.
DB2 Universal Database.
Installing CVSNT.
Setting Up Examples.
Extracting WASDeployBook.zip.
Setting Up WSTRADE Database.
Viewing Source Code and Model Scripts in WebSphere Studio/ASTK.
Conclusion.
Appendix D. Web Services Gateway Clustering.
Web Services Gateway Overview.
Web Services Gateway and Channel Installation.
Web Services Gateway and Channel Configuration.
Web Services Gateway Configuration Cloning.
HTTP Server Plug-In Configuration.
Conclusion.
References.
Index.