Advances in Nuclear Physics: Volume 2

1 The Giant Dipole Resonance.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Early Models of the Giant Resonance.- 2.1 The Collective Model of the Giant Resonance.- 2.2 The Independent Particle Model of the Giant Resonance.- 3. The Measurement of Giant Resonance Properties.- 3.1 The Use of the Bremsstrahlung Spectrum.- 3.2 The Methods of Making Differential Photonuclear Measurements.- 4. The Structure of the Giant Resonance.- 4.1 The Giant Resonance of Deformed Nuclei-Collective Model.- 4.2 The Giant Resonance of Deformed Nuclei-Independent Particle Model.- 4.3 The Giant Resonance of Heavy Spherical Nuclei.- 5. The Giant Resonance of Closed-Shell Nuclei.- 5.1 The Particle-Hole Model.- 5.2 Inclusion of Continuum Effects in the Particle-Hole Model.- 5.3 Discussion of the Giant Resonances of Selected Nuclei.- 5.4 Critique of the Particle-Hole Model.- 5.5 The Inclusion of n-Particle-n-Hole Configurations in the Calculation of Dipole States.- 5.6 Isospin Splitting of the Giant Resonance.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- 2 Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions.- 1. Polarized Sources.- 1.1 Sources of Polarized Protons.- 1.2 Deuterons.- 1.3 Absolute Values of the Polarization.- 1.4 Depolarization Effects in Accelerators.- 1.5 Polarized Beams by Other Methods.- 2. Elastic Scattering.- 2.1 Polarization and Asymmetry.- 2.2 Protons.- 2.3 Deuterons.- 2.4 He3 and H3.- 3. Inelastic Proton Scattering.- 3.1 Macroscopic Model and Collective States.- 3.2 Microscopic Model.- 3.3 The Nuclear Wave Functions.- 3.4 The Effective Force.- 3.5 The S = 0 and S = 1 Interactions.- 3.6 Antisymmetrization.- 4. Transfer Reactions.- 4.1 The Data.- 4.2 The Theories.- 5. Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 3 The Pairing-Plus-Quadrupole Model.- 1. Introduction, The Model and Its Experimental Basis.- 1.1 Shell Model.- 1.2 Residual Interaction, Quadrupole Force.- 1.3 Residual Interaction, Pairing Force.- 2. The Strength of the Interactions.- 2.1 Value of ?.- 2.2 Value of G.- 2.3 Realistic Forces.- 2.4 Pairing Energy in Nuclear Matter.- 3. Solutions to the Pairing Hamiltonian.- 3.1 The Phases.- 3.2 Exact Solutions.- 3.3 The BCS Method.- 3.4 Matrix Elements.- 3.5 Perturbation Treatment of the Superconducting Solution.- 4. Solutions to the Quadrupole Hamiltonian.- 4.1 Exact Solutions.- 4.2 The Deformed-Field Approximation.- 4.3 Calculation of Deformation.- 4.4 Calculation of the Moment of Inertia.- 5. Vibrations.- 5.1 Tamm-Dancoff and Random-Phase Approximations.- 5.2 Adiabatic Harmonic Approximation.- 5.3 Comparison with Experimental Data.- 5.4 Departures from Harmonicity.- 5.5 Odd Nuclei.- 5.6 Comparison with the Experimental Data in Odd Nuclei.- 5.7 Pairing Vibrations.- 5.8 Experimental Evidence of Pairing Vibrations in Lead Isotopes.- 5.9 Miscellaneous Applications.- 6. Comparison with Other Forces.- 7. Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Appendix A.- Appendix B.- 4 The Nuclear Potential.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Two-Nucleon Data and Their Implications.- 2.1 Selecting the Data.- 2.2 Phase-Shift Analyses of the Data.- 3. Phenomenological and Semiphenomenological Potentials.- 3.1 The 1?-Exchange Potential.- 3.2 Hard- and Soft-Core Potentials.- 3.3 Finite-Core Potentials.- 3.4 Boundary-Condition Potentials.- 3.5 Nonlocal Potentials.- 3.6 Momentum-Dependent Potentials.- 3.7 One-Boson-Exchange Potentials.- 3.8 Summary.- 4. Proton-Proton Bremsstrahlung.- 4.1 Calculations and Experiment: Historical Background..- 4.2 Formalism and Low-Energy Derivations.- 4.3 Comparison with Experiment.- 4.4 Model-Independent Calculations.- 4.5 PPB and the Nuclear Force.- 5. Theory: The Nuclear Force as an Elementary-Particle Process.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 5 Muonic Atoms.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Experimental Methods.- 2.1 Production of Muonic Atoms.- 2.2 Detection of Electromagnetic Radiation.- 2.3 Recording and Analysis of Spectra.- 3. Energy Levels of Muonic Atoms.- 3.1 General Theory.- 3.2 Static Nuclear Approximation.- 3.3 Dynamic Nuclear Interaction.- 3.4 Corrections to Energy Levels.- 4. Electromagnetic Transitions.- 4.1 Transition Rates.- 4.2 Population of States.- 4.3 Internal Conversion.- 5. The Nuclear Charge Distribution.- 5.1 Monopole-Charge Distribution.- 5.2 Isotope Shifts.- 5.3 Static Multipoles.- 6. Strongly Deformed Nuclei.- 6.1 Quadrupole Interaction.- 6.2 Transition Intensities.- 6.3 Nuclear Models.- 6.4 Experimental Results.- 7. Nuclear Transitions.- 7.1 Nuclear Excitation by Resonant Interaction.- 7.2 Nuclear Transitions from a 1s Muon State.- 8. Intensities of Muonic X Rays.- 8.1 Intensities of Spectral Series.- 8.2 Chemical Effects.- 8.3 Relative Intensity of Fine-Structure Components.- 8.4 Polarization of Muons.- 8.5 Miscellaneous Properties of the Ground State.- Acknowledgments.- References.