Performance Management: Paper P2

Contents Syllabus Guidance, Learning Objectives and Verbs ix Learning Outcomes, Syllabus Content and Examintaion Format xii Examination Techniques xviii 1. Revision of Basic Aspects, Classifications and Approaches to Cost Accounting Cost Accounting 1 Classification of costs 3 The high-low method 3 Questions 3 Answers 6 2. Absorption Costing, Activity-based Costing and Marginal Costing 9 Absorption costing 11 Under- or over-absorption 11 Activity-based costing 11 Steps 11 Advantages 12 Disadvantages 12 Marginal costing 12 Questions 12 Answers 15 3. Breakeven Analysis 21 Questions 24 Answers 30 4. Relevant Cost and Short-term Decisions 43 Questions 46 Answers 53 5. Linear Programming 65 Questions 67 Answers 72 6. Pricing 83 Questions 86 Answers 91 7. The Value Chain - TQM 103 Questions 106 Answers 110 8. Activity-based Approaches 117 Direct product profitability (DPP) 119 Activity-based costing 119 Customer profitability anlysis 119 Activity-based management 120 Pareto analysis 120 Questions 120 Answers 123 9. Learning Curves 129 Questions 131 Answers 134 10. Costing Systems 141 Throughput accounting (TA) 143 Key measures 143 Backflush accounting 144 Purchases 144 Issue to production / movements between processes 144 Items completed 144 Items sold 144 Target costing 144 Life cycle costing 145 Questions 145 Answers 151 11. The Principles of Budgeting 165 Key requirements in the design of a budget plan 167 Fixed budgets 167 Sensitivity analysis 168 Rolling budgets 168 Questions 168 Answers 169 12. Budgetary Control 173 Systems approach 175 Flexed budgets 175 Budget centre 175 Behavioural issues 176 Beyond Budgeting (BB) 176 Questions 177 Answers 179 13. Budgeting and Performance Evaluation 183 Profitability 185 Return on capital employed (ROCE) / Return on Investment (ROI) 185 Asset turnover 185 Liquidity 186 Reporting performance indicators 186 Non-financial performance indicators 186 Benchmarking 186 Competitive benchmarking 187 Internal benchmarking 187 Functional benchmarking 187 Strategic benchmarking 187 Balanced scorecard 187 Questions 188 Answers 189 14. Responsibility Centres and Transfer pricing 193 Return on investment (ROI) 195 Residual income (RI) 196 Transfer pricing 186 Aims 196 Methods 196 Optimum transfer pricing 196 International transfer pricing 197 Questions 197 Answers 200 Exam Q & As 205