Foundations of Economic Development

I. Human Capital: The Fundamental Concept.- 1. Science and Human Capital.- 1.1. Accumulating Scientific Knowledge as the Basis of Human Capital.- 1.2. Creative or "Hard" Science vs. Commenting or "Soft" Science.- 1.3. The Rational Core of Human Civilization.- 2. Enemies of Human Capital.- 2.1. Philosophical Hubris.- 2.2. Philosophical Dogmatism.- 2.3. Dogmatic Cultural Relativism.- 3. The Nature of Exact Science.- 3.1. The Formation of Fundamental Theories.- 3.2. How Gödel's Theorem Confirmed and Kuhn's Philosophy Failed to Refute the Cumulative Nature of Exact Scientific Knowledge.- II. Nonlinear Causality: An Introduction to Higher Analysis of Causal Processes.- 4. Mathematical Dynamics as the Fundamental Method of Causal Science.- 4.1. The Historical Struggle Between the Linguistic and Dynamic Conceptions of Science.- 4.2. The Mathematical Analysis of Causal Processes.- 5. Developmental Stages of Mathematical Dynamics.- 5.1. The Hamilton-Jacobi Theory (Classical Dynamics).- 5.2. The Next Step: Dissipative Systems.- 5.3. From Dissipative Systems to Stability and Attractor Theory (Modern Dynamics).- 6. Causality in Bounded Dynamics: Full Predictability Or Chaos.- 6.1. Classical Attractors and Predictable Behaviour.- 6.2. The Nonclassical Attractors.- 6.3. The Emergence of Chaotic Behaviour from Bounded Dynamics.- 7. Causality in Unbounded Dynamics: Self-steering.- 7.1. The Significance of Unbounded Dynamics and Self-steering.- 7.2. Bernoullian Growth Systems.- III. Economic Causality: The Reduction to Human Capital.- 8. Extended Input-Output Dynamics and the Concept of National Economy.- 8.1. The Phenomenological Theory of National Economy.- 8.2. The Nonlinear Coefficients of Quantum Products.- 8.3. The Production of Human Capital (Education) and of Human Time.- 8.4. The Generalized Input-Ouput Dynamics Including the Production of Human Capital and Human Time.- Conclusions for National Accounting.- 9. The Neoclassical Tradition.- 9.1. The Solow Model as a Bernoullian System.- 9.2. An Application of the Solow Model to Economic Development in the Very Long Run.- 10. Fundamental Economic Causality: A Generalized Lucasian Dynamics.- 10.1. From Romer to Lucas to General Objectives of Post-socialist Economic Theory.- 10.2. A Generalization of the Lucas 1988 Mechanics of Economic Development: The Defining Equations.- 10.3. The Derivation of the Oscillation Equations and of a General Solution Algorithm.- 10.4. A Balanced-growth Path as the Optimal Solution: Growth Type 1.- 10.5. A Path of Growing Productivity of Capital as the Optimal Solution: Growth Type 2.- 10.6. Causal Explanation of the Kuznets Swings and the Trend-acceleration Patterns in the Long-term Economic Development.- 10.7. Nonstatistical 'Basic Business Cycles'.- 10.8. The Connection Between Monetary and Dynamical Stability.- 10.9. Structural Principles Governing the Present Theory of Economic Development.- Conclusions for Post-socialist Political Economy.- IV. The Politico-Cultural Causality of Human Capital.- 11. On the Mathematical Dynamics of Human Action.- 11.1. The External and Internal Causality of Human Action.- 11.2. The Entropy Laws of Survival and the Origin of Social Hierarchy.- 12. The Politico-cultural Factors of Human Capital.- 12.1. The Index ko of Individual Freedom.- 12.2. A Historical Example: The Archaic-totalitarian Development of the Russian Society in the Period 1471-1991.- 12.3. A Different Story: The Emergence of Growth Economies in the West.- 12.4. The Index ho of Scientific Rationalism.- Conclusions on the Importance of Scientific Rationality.- References.- Addendum: The Business Cycles Revisited.