Bio-aggregate-based Building Materials

Foreword Chapter 1 Environmental, Economic and Social Context of Agro-Concretes Vincent NOZAHIC and Sofiane AMZIANE Sustainable development, construction and materials Environmental impacts of the construction sector Standardization and regulation: toward a global approach Standardization and regulation in force Limitations of the normative and regulatory framework The materials: an increasingly crucial element Role of the materials in energy consumption What is a low-environmental-impact material? Constantly-changing regulations The specific case of concretes made from lignocellular particles Development of agro-concretes in the context of France What does the term "Agro-concrete" mean? General definition Lignocellular resources General characteristics of lignocellular agro-resources Conclusions Bibliography Chapter 2 Characterization of Plant-Based Aggregates Vincent PICANDET Microstructure of the shiv particles Structure of the stem of fibrous plants SEM observation of hemp shiv particles Chemistry of the cell walls Density and porosity, in the case of hemp shiv Particle Size Distribution (PSD) General characteristics of aggregates made from fibrous plants Fiber content Methods for characterizing the PSD PSD analyses Comparison of the results obtained by image analysis Characterization of the geometry of the particles Characterization of the PSD Conclusions Compactness and compressibility Water absorption capacity Bibliography Chapter 3 Binders Gilles ESCADEILLAS, Camille MAGNIONT, Sofiane AMZIANE and Vincent NOZAHIC Portland cements Chemical and mineral composition Environmental impacts Lime Aerial lime Natural hydraulic limes Lime-pozzolan mixtures Natural pozzolans Calcined natural pozzolans: metakaolin Fly ash Blast furnace slag Plaster Chemical and mineralogical composition Environmental impacts Summary Bibliography Chapter 4 Formulation and Implementation Christophe LANOS, Florence COLLET, Gérard LENAIN and Yves HUSTACHE Objectives Preamble Traditional applications Constituents and mixture Methods of implementation Rules of formulation Basis of usual formulations Influence of the proportion of paste in the mixture Quality of the paste and water content Homogeneity of the paste The relationship between formulation and strength The relationship between formulation and thermo-hydric properties Examples of formulations Origin of the data Walling application Flooring application Roofing application Other applications Installation techniques Building a wall using formwork Application by spraying Laying of a floor Creating a roof Other uses Professional rules for buildings using hempcrete and hemp mortars History Principles and content of the professional regulations Bibliography Chapter 5 Mechanical Behavior Laurent ARNAUD, Sofiane AMZIANE, Vincent NOZAHIC and Etienne GOURLAY Composite material Making of the test tubes Mechanical behavior Effect of initial compression Effect of the nature of the binder Influence of the binder content Influence of the particle size Influence of the curing conditions Evolution over time Interaction between particles and binder Anisotropic behavior Modeling of the mechanical behavior Empirical approach Self-consistent homogenization approach Toward the study of a stratified composite Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 6 Hygrothermal Behavior of Hempcrete Laurent ARNAUD, Driss SAMRI and Étienne GOURLAY Introduction Heat conductivity Measurement of the conductivity Modeling of the heat conductivity in dry and humid conditions Heat transfers Hygrothermal transfers Experimental device Stresses Phase changes Hygrothermal transfers Role of coating products applied to hempcrete Thermal characterization of various construction materials Autoclaved aerated concrete Vertically perforated brick Hempcrete Modeling of coupled heat- and mass transfers Transfer laws Transfer model: the Künzel model Determination of the transfer coefficients Numerical modeling Chapter 7 Acoustical Properties of Hemp Concretes Philippe GLÉ, Emmanuel GOURDON and Laurent ARNAUD Introduction Acoustical properties of the material on the basis of the main mechanisms Influence of the components Influence of the casting method Modeling the acoustical properties Physical analysis of the acoustical properties being measured The adapted double porosity model and its parameters Experimental validation of the model Application of the model to the acoustical characterization of shiv Porosity of shiv Resistivity Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 8 Plant-Based Concretes in Structures: Structural Aspect - Addition of a Wooden Support to Absorb the Strain Philippe MUNOZ and Didier PIPET Introduction Preliminary test Description of the panel Putting the panel in place on the bracing bank Longitudinal loading and measurement of the movements Behavior of the test bank Behavior of the wooden panel Test on a composite panel of a wooden skeleton and hempcrete Description of the panel Emplacement of the panel on the bracing bank Vertical loading Longitudinal loading and measurement of the movements Running of the test Feature of the ruin of the panel Results and comparative analysis Conclusions and reflections Acknowledgements Bibliography Chapter 9 Examination of the Environmental Characteristics of a Banked Hempcrete Wall on a Wooden Skeleton, by Lifecycle Analysis: Feedback on the LCA Experiment from Marie-Pierre BOUTIN and Cyril FLAMIN Introduction Description of the products studied Method for environmental evaluation of bio-sourced materials Lifecycle Analysis on hempcrete - methodology, working hypotheses and results Delimitation of the system under study Inventory analysis Impact evaluation Results and interpretation of the lifecycle Interpretations of the lifecycle, conclusions and reflections Bibliography List of Authors Index