Classroom Assessment

Preface Chapter 1: The Breadth of Classroom Assessment Purposes of Assessment Phases of Classroom Assessment Assessment, Testing, Measuring, and Evaluations Three General Ways to Collect Data: Student Products, Observation, and Oral Questioning Standardized and Nonstandardized Assessments AppopriaAppropriateents: Valid and Reliable Ethical Issues and Responsibilities Chapter 2: Learning About Students: Early Assessment Gathering Information about Students Sources of Information about Students Forming Student Descriptions Concerns about Accuracy and Validity Identifying Special Needs Improving Early Assessments Chapter 3: Lesson Planning and Assessment Objectives The Instructional Process Instructional Planning Three Levels of Teaching Objectives Three Domains of Objectives Stating and Constructing Objectives Lesson Plans Textbook Objectives and Assessments State Content Standards Improving the Tie between Planning and Assessment Chapter 4: Assessment During Instruction Assessment Tasks during Instruction Validity and Reliability in Instructional Assessment Improving Assessment during Instruction Questioning: Purposes and Strategies Accommodations during Instruction Chapter 5: Summative Assessments Formative and Summative Assessments The Logic of Summative Assessments Planning a Summative Assessment Preparing Students for Official Assessments Chapter 6: Creating Achievement Tests Selection and Supply Test Items Higher-Level Questions Guidelines for Writing and Critiquing Test Items Chapter 7: Improving Achievement Tests Assembling Tests Administering Tests Issues of Cheating Scoring Paper-and-Pencil Tests Analying Item Validity Discussing Test Results wAnalyzingents Universal Design and Test Accommodations Chapter 8: Performance Assessments The General Role of Performance Assessments Performance Assessment in Schools Developing Performance Assessments Anecdotal Records, Checklists, and Rating Scales Rubrics Portfolios Validity and Reliability of Performance Assessments Chapter 9: Grading Rationale and Difficulties of Grading Grading as Judgment Four Types of Comparison for Grading Grading for Cooperative Learning and Students with Disabilities Deciding What to Grade Summarizing Various Types of Assessment Two Approaches to Assigning Grades Other Methods of Reporting Student Progress Chapter 10: Commercial Standardized Achievement Tests How Commercial Achievement Tests are Created Administering the Test Interpreting Scores Three Examples of Test Interpretation The Validity of Commercial Achievement Tests Chapter 11: Computer-Based Technology and Classroom Assessment Growth of Educational Technology Computers and the Instructional Process Computers are Toolboxes Computers and Assessment During Instruction Computers and Summative Assessment Classroom Assessment: Summing Up Appendix A: Standards for Teacher Competence in Educational Assessment of Students Appendix B: Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (Major Categories and Illustrative Objectives) Appendix C: Sample Individual Education Plan Appendix D: Statistical Applications for Classroom Assessment Appendix E: Some Resources for Identifying Special Needs Glossary References Name Index Subject Index