Compilers

1. Introduction to Compiling. Compilers. Analysis of the Source Program. The Phases of a Compiler. Cousins of the Compiler. The Grouping of Phases. Compiler-Construction Tools. Bibliographic Notes. 2. A Simple One-Pass Compiler. Overview Syntax Definition. Syntax-Directed Translation. Parsing. A Translator for Simple Expressions. Lexical Analysis. Incorporating a Symbol Table. Abstract Stack Machines. Putting the Techniques Together. Exercises. Bibliographic Notes. 3. Lexical Analysis. The Role of the Lexical Analyzer. Input Buffering. Specification of Tokens. Recognition of Tokens. A Language for Specifying Lexical Analyzers. Finite Automata. From a Regular Expression to an NFA. Design of a Lexical Analyzer Generator. Optimization of DFA-Based Pattern Matchers. Exercises. Bibliographic Notes. 4. Syntax Analysis. The Role of the Parser. Context-Free Grammars. Writing a Grammar. Top-Down Parsing. Bottom-Up Parsing. Operator-Precedence Parsing. LR Parsers. Using Ambiguous Grammars. Parser Generators. Exercises. Bibliographic Notes. 5. Syntax-Directed Translation. Syntax-Directed Definitions. Construction of Syntax Trees. Bottom-Up Evaluation of S-Attributed Definitions. L-Attributed Definitions. Top Down Translation. Bottom-Up Evaluation of Inherited Attributes. Recursive Evaluators. Space for Attribute Values at Compile Time. Assigning Spaces at Compiler-Construction Time. Analysis of Syntax-Directed Definitions. Exercises. Bibliographic Notes. 6. Type Checking. Type Systems. Specification of a Simple Type Checker. Equivalence of Type Expressions. Type Conversions. Overloading of Functions and Operators. Polymorphic Functions. An algorithm for Unification. Exercises. Bibliographic Notes. 7. Run-Time Environments. Source Language Issues. Storage Organization. Storage-Allocation Strategies. Access to Nonlocal Names. Parameter Passing. Symbol Tables. Language Facilities for Dynamic Storage Allocation. Dynamic Storage Allocation Techniques. Storage Allocation in Fortran. Exercises. Bibliographic Notes. 8. Intermediate Code Generation. Intermediate Languages. Declarations. Assignment Statements. Boolean Expressions. Case Statements. Backpatching. Procedure Calls. Exercises. Bibliographic Notes. 9. Code Generation. Issues in the Design of a Code Generator. The Target Machine. Run-Time Storage Management. Basic Blocks and Flow Graphs. Next-Use Information. A Simple Code Generator. Register Allocation and Assignment. The Dag Representation of Basic Blocks. Peephole Optimization. Generating Code from Dags. Dynamic Programming Code-Generation Algorithm. Code-Generator Generators. Exercises. Bibliographic Notes. 10. Code Optimization. Introduction. The Principal Sources of Optimization. Optimization of Basic Blocks. Loops in Flow Graphs. Introduction to Global Data-Flow Analysis. Iterative Solution of Data-Flow Equations. Code-Improving Transformations. Dealing with Aliases. Data-Flow Analysis of Structured Flow Graphs. Efficient Data-Flow Algorithms. A Tool for Data-Flow Analysis. Estimation of Types. Symbolic Debugging of Optimized Code. Exercises. Bibliographic Notes. 11. Want to Write a Compiler? Planning a Compiler. Approaches to Compiler Development. The Compiler-Development Environment. Testing and Maintenance. 12. A Look at Some Compilers. EQN, a Preprocessor for Typesetting Mathematics. Compilers for Pascal. The C Compilers. The Fortran H Compilers. The Bliss/11 Compiler. Modula-2 Optimizing Compiler. Appendix: A Compiler Project. Introduction. A Pascal Subset. Program Structure. Lexical Conventions. Suggested Exercises. Evolution of the Interpreter. Extensions. Bibliography. Index.