Bio-Physical Aspects of Human Renal Excretory FLuid

Biophysical properties such as specific gravity, refractive index, viscosity, surface tension, pH, electrical conductivity and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of human renal excretory fluid i.e. urine has been studied for both normal subjects and physiological disorder in both in vitro and in vivo. A brief information of kidney parts and their function, urine formation, Physico - chemical properties and microscopic examination is discussed. The theoretical aspect of the physical properties under investigation and FT-IR spectroscopy is discussed. The techniques - capillary rise method, surface tension, Ostwald viscometer, Abbe's refractometery, electrical conductivity meter and Fourier transform Infra red spectroscopy has been discussed. The physical properties of urine of normal subjects of different age groups of both first morning and randomly collected are studied and compared. urine samples of diabetic mellitus and chronic kidney disease are studied. FT-IR spectra of normal urine and urine treated with glucose, albumin, urea and creatinine are recorded with which the specific peaks for these urinary components are found and the amount of urine is quantified.