Expansion

The concept of maxillary expansion was first introduced by Emerson Angell in 1860, who proposed separation of the midpalatal suture. It was later clinically established by Andrew J. Haas and became a standard orthodontic procedure for correcting transverse maxillary deficiencies and improving arch coordination.Maxillary expansion may be orthodontic, orthopedic, or a combination of both. The two main approaches are slow maxillary expansion (SME), which uses light continuous forces for gradual and stable changes, and rapid maxillary expansion (RME), which applies heavy forces over a short period to achieve quick skeletal separation of the maxilla. RME is particularly effective in growing patients due to lower sutural resistance.Modern techniques such as Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) have improved outcomes, while Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE) is used in cases of complete sutural fusion where surgical support is required.