Advances in Controlled Clinical Inhalation Studies

I. Symposium Presentation.- The Emergence of Controlled Human Exposure Studies.- Section 1. The Outdoor Environment in Europe.- Trend of Air Quality in North Rhine-Westphalia (Rhine-Ruhr Area) During the Past 20 Years.- Air Pollution in the Former German Democratic Republic: Consequences for Health Control.- The Outdoor Environment in North America.- Exposure to Oxidant Gases and Acidic Particles in the United States.- Section 2. Indoor Air: Home and Workplace.- Investigation of Indoor Air Pollution Sources in Climate Chambers: Emissions from Textile Floor Coverings.- Dust Measurements at Workplaces: State of the Art and Future Demands.- Health Effects of Indoor Air Exposures.- Inhalation Studies in Investigation of the Sick Building Syndrome.- Section 3. Assessing Personal Exposure.- Personal Exposure Assessment: Implications for Clinical Studies of Inhaled Pollutants.- Regional Deposition of Inhaled Particles in the Human Respiratory Tract.- Calculation of Acid Aerosol Dose.- Section 4. Clinical Inhalation Methodology.- Generation of Complex Aerosols.- Assessment of Ambient Exposures and Their Effects on Health in Chambers.- Susceptible Populations: Lessons from Controlled Exposure Studies of Inhaled Pollutants.- Inhalation of Pollutants and Pollutant Mixtures in Subjects with Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness.- Section 5. New Methodologies.- Controlled Clinical Inhalation Studies with Environmental Air Pollutants at Concentrations Commonly Found in the Ambient Air.- Time- and Dose-Dependent Cellular and Biochemical Changes in Response to Ozone Exposure.- Regeneration, Differentiation, and Neoplastic Transformation of Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells.- Infectivity Models in Clinical Inhalation Studies.- Does the Pulmonary Surfactant System Yield Meaningful Parameters inInhalation Toxicity Studies? A Review.- New Approaches to Evaluating the Pulmonary Effects of Controlled Inhalation Exposures in Human Volunteers.- Section 6. Clinical Data and Regulatory Decisions.- Meta-analysis and "Effective Dose" Revisited.- Regulating Indoor Air.- Perspective on the Regulator's Need for Future Clinical Studies.- II. Poster Presentations.- Use of Questionnaires for Assessment of Exposure to Airborne Pollutants.- Disorders in the Olfactory Function and Injury of the Upper Airways of Exposed Workers in Copper-Producing Works.- Elevated Bioaerosols in Manufactured/Conventional Homes.- Single-Breath Bolus Exposure for Noninvasive Determination of Ozone Dose Distribution.- Problems of Regulating Outdoor Ozone Levels.- Inhalation Studies with Airborne Particulates in Rodents: Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects on Alveolar Macrophages and Bone Marrow Cells.- Assessment of Pollutant-Induced Impairment of the Pulmonary Surfactant System by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.- Assessment of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Exposure in the Chemical Industry by Biological Monitoring.- Assessment by Aerosol Recovery Technique of Site of Airway Constriction During Intravenous Histamine Challenge.- Attempted Selective Deposition of Aerosols Using Differently Sized Particles in Man.- Acute Effects of Ambient Ozone in Physically Active Adults.- Respiratory Injuries in Workers from the Coke Chemical Industry.- Aerosol-Derived Airway Dimensions of Dog Lungs: Comparison of Bolus and Single-Breath Techniques.- Nonoccupational Exposure to Benzene.- Comparative Investigation of Genotoxic and Nongenotoxic Mechanisms and Their Relevance in Carcinogenesis Induced by Airborne Particulates and Automobile Exhaust Particulates.- Gestational Inhalation of Indoor AirPollution Alters Neonatal Reflex Development and Fetal Hematology.- Aerosol Deposition Pattern of Technetium-99m-Labeled Fenoterol After Inhalation from Three Devices in Healthy Volunteers.- Comparison of Bronchospasmolytic Effects of 200 ?g Fenoterol After Inhalation with Respimat and Metered Dose Inhaler.