Volcano-Tectonic Processes
Description
This monograph aims at filling this gap, describing the pre-eruptive processes related to the structure, deformation and tectonics of volcanoes, at the local and regional scale, in any tectonic setting. The monograph is organized into three sections ("Fundamentals", "Magma migration towards the surface" and "The regional perspective"), consisting of thirteen chapters that are lavishly illustrated. The reader is accompanied in a journey within the volcano factory, discovering the processes associated with the shallow accumulation of magma and its transfer towards the surface, how these control the structure of volcanoes and their activity and, ultimately, improve our ability to estimate hazard and forecast eruption.
The potential readership includes any academic, researcher and upper undergraduate student interested in volcanology, magma intrusions, structural geology, tectonics, geodesy, as well as geology and geophysics in general.
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Content
Part I: Fundamentals
Chapter 1 - Volcanoes and volcanic activity
1.1 - Introduction
1.2 - Volcano distribution
1.3 - Volcano composition
1.4 - Monogenic and polygenic volcanoes
1.5 - Volcano alignment and elongation
1.6 - Types of volcanic edifices
1.7 - Volcanic activity
1.8 - Effusive eruptions
1.9 - Explosive eruptions
1.10 - Volcanic hazard and risk
1.11 - Summary
Chapter 2 - Crustal deformation
2.1 - Introduction
2.2 - Stress
2.3 - Strain
2.4 - Elastic deformation
2.5 - Brittle deformation2.6 - The seismic cycle
2.7 - Ductile deformation
2.8 - Rheology of the crust and the magma
2.9 - Summary
Part II: Magma migration to the surface
Chapter 3 - Rise of magma through the crust: diapirs, dikes
3.1 - Introduction
3.2 - Magmatic diapirs3.3 - Dikes
3.4 - Mechanics of dike formation
3.5 - Mechanics of dike propagation
3.6 - Summary
Chapter 4 - Magma emplacement: magma reservoirs
4.1 - Introduction
4.2 - General features
4.3 - Sills
4.4 - Laccoliths
4.5 - Lopoliths
4.6 - Magma chambers
4.7 - Mechanism of pluton emplacement
4.8 - The plutonic-volcanic link
4.9 - Summary
Chapter 5 - Vertical collapses: calderas
5.1 - Introduction
5.2 - General features of calderas
5.3 - Geological and geophysical evidence of caldera structure and development
5.4 - Modelling caldera structure and development5.5 - Relationships to regional tectonics
5.6 - Classification of calderas5.7 - Caldera structure and eruptions
5.8 - Caldera resurgence: resurgent domes and blocks
5.9 - Caldera unrest5.10 - Summary
Chapter 6 - Lateral collapses: flank instability
6.1 - Introduction
6.2 - General features
6.3 - Anatomy of an unstable flank
6.4 - Causes of flank instability
6.5 - Analysis of flank instability
6.6 - Flank instability in mafic volcanoes
6.7 - Flank instability in felsic volcanoes
6.8 - Multi-hazard related to flank instability
6.9 - Summary
Chapter 7 - Magma transfer within volcanic edifices
7.1 - Introduction
7.2 - Regional, radial and circumferential dikes
7.3 - Dike propagation within volcanic edifices
7.4 - Dike propagation in calderas
7.5 - Cryptodomes
7.6 - Necks and plugs
7.6 - Summary
Chapter 8 - Volcano unrest
8.1 - Introduction8.2 - General features
8.3 - Monitoring volcanoes
8.4 - Magmatic trigger: deformation source models8.5 - Seismic trigger
8.6 - State of the volcano and alert levels
8.7 - Summary
Chapter 9 - Forecasting eruptions
9.1 - Introduction9.2 - Deterministic forecast
9.3 - Probabilistic forecast
9.4 - The time window9.5 - Eruptive scenarios
9.6 - Forecast cases
9.7 - Summary
Part III: The regional perspective
Chapter 10 - Volcanoes along divergent plate boundaries
10.1 Introduction
10.2 General features
10.3 Overview of the continental East African Rift System
10.4 The continental Main Ethiopian Rift
10.5 The transitional rifts of Afar
10.6 General features of oceanic rifts
10.7 The slow oceanic ridge of Iceland
10.8 The fast oceanic ridge of the East Pacific Rise
10.9 A synthetic model for divergent plate boundaries
10.10 Summary
Chapter 11. Volcanoes along convergent plate boundaries
11.1 - Introduction
11.2 - General features
11.3 - Extensional arcs11.4 - Oblique arcs
11.5 - Strike-slip arcs
11.6 - Contractional arcs11.7 - Complex arcs
11.8 - A synthetic model for convergent plate boundaries
11.9 - Summary
Chapter 12. Volcanoes at hot spots
12.1 - Introduction
12.2 - General features of hot spots and relations to mantle plumes
12.3 - Selected examples of hot spots
12.4 - A synthetic model for hot spot volcanoes
12.5 - Summary