The Pediatric Upper Extremity

I: DEVELOPMENT.- Embryology.- Functional development.- II: PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.- Physical examination.- Outcome measures.- III: IMAGING.- IV: ANESTHESIA.- V: OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY.- Splinting and casting.- Occupational therapy evaluation and treatment.- VI: CONGENITAL DIFFERENCES.- Introduction to congenital differences and genetics.- Failure of formation.- Failure of differentiation.- Duplication.- Overgrowth.- Undergrowth.- Constriction band syndromes.- Metabolic and endocrine abnormalities.- Genetic syndromes.- Skeletal dysplasias.- VII: NERVE.- Nerve anatomy and diagnostic evaluation.- Ulnar nerve injury.- Median nerve injury.- Radial nerve injury.- VIII: BRACHIAL PLEXUS PALSY.- Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy.- Microsurgery for obstetrical brachial plexus birth palsy.- Glenohumeral joint secondary procedures.- Elbow flexion secondary procedures.- Traumatic brachial plexus injuries.- IX: TETRAPLEGIA.- Introduction to tetraplegia.- Treatment.- X: NEUROMUSCULAR: Cerebral palsy.-Arthrogryposis.- XI: TRAUMA.- Multiply injured child.- Non-accidental trauma.- Nail bed injuries.- Flexor tendon injuries.- Extensor tendon injuries.- Amputations/replantation.- Phalangeal fractures.- Metacarpal fractures.- Hand dislocations.- Carpal fractures.- Distal radius fractures.- Forearm fractures.- Monteggia fracture dislocations.- Galeazzi and Essex Lopresti injuries.- Pediatric elbow and supracondylar fractures.- Distal articular humerus fractures.- Medial epicondyle fractures, elbow dislocations, and transphyseal separations.- Radial head, neck and olecranon fractures.- Proximal humerus and humeral shaft fractures.- Clavicle fractures, AC dislocations, SC dislocations and scapula fractures.- XII: INFECTIONS.- Hand infections.- Cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis.- Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.- XIII: TUMORS.- Benign soft tissue lesions.- Benign bony lesions.- Malignant lesions.- XIV: COMPARTMENT SYNDROME.- XV: SKIN LESIONS.- Congenital lesions.- Acquired lesions.- XVI: BURNS.- XVII: VASCULAR DISORDERS.- XVIII: RHEUMATOLOGIC DISORDERS.- XIX: FACTITIOUS DISORDERS.- XX: SPORTS INJURIES.- Caring for the athlete.- The throwing athlete.- The gymnast.- XXI: ARTHROSCOPY.- Wrist.- Elbow.- Shoulder.- XXII: OTHER TOPICS.- Trigger digits.- Kienbock's disease.- Madelung's deformity.- Torticollis and Sprengel's deformity.- Multi-ligamentous laxity.- Thoracic outlet syndrome.- Prostheses.