Learning, Speech, and the Complex Effects of Punishment

1 Introduction.- What This Book Is About.- Wischner's Career.- Wischner's Doctoral Students.- The San Antonio Symposium.- 2 Biological Contributions to the Study of Learning.- Prologue.- Background.- The Biological Analysis of Behavior.- Summary of Points and Issues.- Postlogue.- References.- 3 Cognitive Strategies in the Discrimination Learning of Young Children.- Some Background on Hypothesis Testing in Young Children.- Some Considerations in the Study of Hypothesis Testing in Kindergarten Children.- Demonstrations of Cognitive Strategies in Younger Children.- Some Factors Affecting the Solution of Discrimination Problems.- Discussion and Summary.- References.- 4 Learning Sets: The Pittsburgh Studies.- LS and Species Differences.- LS and Child Development.- LS and Mental Retardation.- The Pittsburgh Studies by Wischner and His Associates.- Conclusions and Implications.- References.- 5 Feedback and Motor Control in Stuttering.- Feedback.- Motor Control.- Conclusion.- References.- 6 Facilitating Stimulus Effects of Reward and Punishment: Discriminability as a General Principle.- History of Research on Shock-Right Facilitation.- The Shock-Right Paradigm as an Experimental Assay.- Elaboration of the Discriminability Process.- References.- 7 The Clinical Uses of Punishment: Bane or Boon?.- Punishment as a Technique to Be Avoided.- Some Personally Unsettling Research Findings.- New Discoveries and Theoretical Advances Concerning Punishment and Aversive Stimulation.- Abuses and Uses of Punishment with Children.- Some Clinical Uses of Punishment with Adults.- Punishment and Information Processing.- Conclusion.- References.- 8 Intellectual Progeny of Seashore and Spence: Iowa Psychologists.- The Guttman Scale of Eminence.- Overall Descriptive Information.- Early History ofthe Iowa Psychology Department.- Information on Individual Eminent Graduates.- Discussion.- References.