Introduction 1. Sapiential Rulership in the Carolingian Renaissance and Its Anglo-Saxon and Ottonian Continuators 2. The Salian Reich and Frontier Europe: The Reception of Sapiential Sacral Rulership around the Year Thousand 3. The King as Miles Litteratus: Literacy, Knighthood, and Feudal Rulership 4. The Twelfth-Century Renaissance: Culture and Statecraft 5. The Clerk King: Administrative Kingship and Royal Knowledge in the Norman Kingdoms and Capetian France (c. 1050-1250) 6. The Hohenstaufen Emperors: Empire and Wisdom in the Twelfth-Century 7. Two Philosopher-Kings in the Thirteenth-Century: Frederick II of Sicily and Alfonso X of Castile