1 - Title Page [Seite 5]
2 - Copyright Page [Seite 6]
3 - Contents [Seite 9]
4 - About the Editors [Seite 13]
5 - List of Contributors [Seite 15]
6 - Foreword [Seite 17]
7 - Preface [Seite 19]
8 - Disclaimer [Seite 21]
9 - Part I The History of Laser Therapy [Seite 23]
9.1 - Chapter 1 The History of Laser Therapy [Seite 25]
9.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 25]
9.1.2 - Heliotherapy in the Modern World [Seite 25]
9.1.3 - The Laser is Born [Seite 25]
9.1.4 - The Evolution of Laser Therapy Equipment [Seite 26]
9.1.5 - Photobiomodulation: A New Name [Seite 27]
9.1.6 - Conclusion [Seite 27]
9.1.7 - References [Seite 27]
10 - Part II The Theory and Science of Laser Therapy [Seite 29]
10.1 - Chapter 2 Fundamental Information [Seite 31]
10.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 31]
10.1.2 - Nomenclature [Seite 31]
10.1.3 - Basic Terminology [Seite 32]
10.1.4 - The Components of a Laser [Seite 33]
10.1.5 - The Electromagnetic Spectrum [Seite 33]
10.1.6 - The Three Properties of Laser Light [Seite 34]
10.1.7 - Laser Classifications [Seite 34]
10.1.8 - Modes of Emission [Seite 35]
10.1.9 - Application Techniques [Seite 36]
10.1.10 - Dosing [Seite 37]
10.1.11 - Frequency of Treatment and Management Protocols [Seite 38]
10.1.12 - Conclusion [Seite 38]
10.1.13 - References [Seite 38]
10.2 - Chapter 3 Laser Physics in Veterinary Medicine [Seite 41]
10.2.1 - Introduction [Seite 41]
10.2.2 - Flavors of Light [Seite 41]
10.2.3 - Interactions [Seite 42]
10.2.4 - Units You Have Heard Of (Hopefully) [Seite 45]
10.2.5 - Deciding Dose [Seite 45]
10.2.6 - Knobs to Turn [Seite 46]
10.2.7 - More than Just Dose [Seite 48]
10.2.8 - On and Off (and On and Off) [Seite 48]
10.2.9 - Conclusion [Seite 50]
10.2.10 - References [Seite 50]
10.3 - Chapter 4 Therapy Laser Safety [Seite 51]
10.3.1 - Introduction [Seite 51]
10.3.2 - Function of the American National Standards Institute and the Laser Institute of America [Seite 51]
10.3.3 - Laser Hazard Classification [Seite 52]
10.3.4 - Laser Beam-Related Hazards and Hazard Prevention [Seite 53]
10.3.5 - Non-Beam Hazards [Seite 56]
10.3.6 - Administrative Controls [Seite 56]
10.3.7 - Conclusion [Seite 57]
10.3.8 - References [Seite 57]
10.4 - Chapter 5 Basic Principles of Photobiomodulation and Its Effects at the Cellular, Tissue, and System Levels [Seite 58]
10.4.1 - Photobiomodulation: Nomenclature History [Seite 58]
10.4.2 - Making Sense of Commonly Used Device and Treatment Parameter Terminology [Seite 59]
10.4.3 - PBM Device and Treatment Parameters Based on Location of Target Tissue [Seite 60]
10.4.4 - Photoacceptors [Seite 61]
10.4.5 - Cellular Signaling Molecules [Seite 62]
10.4.6 - PBMT Effects at the Molecular, Organelle, Cellular, and System Level [Seite 65]
10.4.7 - Conclusion [Seite 69]
10.4.8 - Acknowledgements [Seite 69]
10.4.9 - References [Seite 69]
11 - Part III Practical Applications of Laser Therapy [Seite 75]
11.1 - Chapter 6 General Principles of Laser Therapy [Seite 77]
11.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 77]
11.1.2 - Therapeutic Dosing [Seite 77]
11.1.3 - Preparation for Laser Therapy [Seite 80]
11.1.4 - Laser Therapy Application Techniques [Seite 84]
11.1.5 - Training and Expertise [Seite 86]
11.1.6 - Laser Therapy Treatment Plans [Seite 86]
11.1.7 - Conclusion [Seite 87]
11.1.8 - References [Seite 88]
11.2 - Chapter 7 Contraindications, Special Considerations, and Precautions [Seite 89]
11.2.1 - Introduction [Seite 89]
11.2.2 - Contraindications [Seite 89]
11.2.3 - Special Considerations [Seite 90]
11.2.4 - Precautions [Seite 91]
11.2.5 - False Contraindications [Seite 93]
11.2.6 - Conclusion [Seite 94]
11.2.7 - References [Seite 94]
12 - Part IV Clinical Applications of Laser Therapy in Companion Animals [Seite 97]
12.1 - Chapter 8 Laser Therapy and Pain Management [Seite 99]
12.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 99]
12.1.2 - Consequence of Untreated Pain [Seite 99]
12.1.3 - Examining the Pain Pathway [Seite 100]
12.1.4 - PBMT and the Pain Pathway [Seite 100]
12.1.5 - Putting Theory into Practice: Incorporating Laser Therapy for Pain [Seite 102]
12.1.6 - Measuring Success in a Clinical Setting [Seite 102]
12.1.7 - Surgical Pain Multimodal Management [Seite 103]
12.1.8 - Acute Pain Multimodal Management [Seite 104]
12.1.9 - Chronic Pain Multimodal Management [Seite 106]
12.1.10 - Conclusion [Seite 107]
12.1.11 - References [Seite 108]
12.2 - Chapter 9 Intra- and Postoperative Laser Therapy [Seite 110]
12.2.1 - Introduction [Seite 110]
12.2.2 - Overview [Seite 110]
12.2.3 - Intraoperative Laser Therapy [Seite 111]
12.2.4 - Postoperative Laser Therapy [Seite 112]
12.2.5 - Clinical Examples of Intra- and Postoperative Laser Therapy Application [Seite 112]
12.2.6 - Conclusion [Seite 120]
12.2.7 - References [Seite 120]
12.3 - Chapter 10 Wounds [Seite 122]
12.3.1 - Introduction [Seite 122]
12.3.2 - Wound Healing [Seite 122]
12.3.3 - Effects of Laser Therapy on Wound Healing [Seite 123]
12.3.4 - Optimal Parameters for Laser Therapy [Seite 124]
12.3.5 - Basic Principles of Laser Wound Therapy [Seite 127]
12.3.6 - Wound Classification and Treatment [Seite 128]
12.3.7 - Conclusion [Seite 133]
12.3.8 - References [Seite 133]
12.4 - Chapter 11 Dermatological and Non?musculoskeletal Soft-Tissue Conditions [Seite 136]
12.4.1 - Introduction [Seite 136]
12.4.2 - Acral Lick Dermatitis [Seite 136]
12.4.3 - Acute Moist Dermatitis, Hot Spots, and Pyotraumatic Dermatitis [Seite 137]
12.4.4 - Anal Sacculitis and Anal Sac Abscess [Seite 138]
12.4.5 - Aural Hematoma [Seite 139]
12.4.6 - Bacterial Folliculitis [Seite 140]
12.4.7 - Canine Non-Inflammatory Alopecia [Seite 141]
12.4.8 - Deep-Tissue Infections, Abscesses, and Cellulitis [Seite 141]
12.4.9 - Elbow Hygroma [Seite 142]
12.4.10 - Otitis Externa [Seite 143]
12.4.11 - Perianal Fistulas [Seite 144]
12.4.12 - Pododermatitis [Seite 146]
12.4.13 - Conclusion [Seite 147]
12.4.14 - References [Seite 147]
12.5 - Chapter 12 Snake Bites [Seite 150]
12.5.1 - Introduction [Seite 150]
12.5.2 - Literature Review [Seite 151]
12.5.3 - Treatment [Seite 151]
12.5.4 - Conclusion [Seite 153]
12.6 - Chapter 13 Musculoskeletal Disorders and Osteoarthritis [Seite 154]
12.6.1 - Introduction [Seite 154]
12.6.2 - Physiological Effects of PBMT [Seite 154]
12.6.3 - Searching for Evidence and Understanding the Literature [Seite 155]
12.6.4 - Importance of Proper Examination and Diagnostics [Seite 156]
12.6.5 - Patient Preparation and Treatment Technique [Seite 156]
12.6.6 - Use of PBMT with Metal Implants and Sutures [Seite 159]
12.6.7 - Dosimetry for Musculoskeletal Conditions [Seite 160]
12.6.8 - Treatment Session Frequency [Seite 161]
12.6.9 - Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis [Seite 162]
12.6.10 - Temporomandibular Joint Disorders [Seite 162]
12.6.11 - Myopathies and Myositis [Seite 162]
12.6.12 - Tendinopathies [Seite 163]
12.6.13 - Cranial Cruciate Ligament Injuries [Seite 163]
12.6.14 - Fractures and Bone Healing [Seite 164]
12.6.15 - Osteomyelitis [Seite 165]
12.6.16 - Neck and Back Pain [Seite 165]
12.6.17 - Common Reasons for Perceived Treatment Failure or Inconsistent Results [Seite 167]
12.6.18 - References [Seite 168]
12.7 - Chapter 14 Upper and Lower Respiratory Conditions [Seite 172]
12.7.1 - Introduction [Seite 172]
12.7.2 - Upper Respiratory Conditions [Seite 172]
12.7.3 - Lower Respiratory and Thoracic Conditions [Seite 176]
12.7.4 - Conclusion [Seite 180]
12.7.5 - References [Seite 180]
12.8 - Chapter 15 Oral Conditions [Seite 183]
12.8.1 - Introduction [Seite 183]
12.8.2 - Oral Inflammatory Conditions [Seite 183]
12.8.3 - Oral Wounds [Seite 187]
12.8.4 - Other Oral Conditions [Seite 188]
12.8.5 - Conclusion [Seite 188]
12.8.6 - References [Seite 189]
12.9 - Chapter 16 Abdominal Conditions [Seite 191]
12.9.1 - Introduction [Seite 191]
12.9.2 - Gastrointestinal Disorders [Seite 191]
12.9.3 - Urinary Disorders [Seite 194]
12.9.4 - Prostate [Seite 195]
12.9.5 - Case Studies [Seite 196]
12.9.6 - Conclusion [Seite 198]
12.9.7 - References [Seite 199]
12.10 - Chapter 17 Neurological Conditions [Seite 201]
12.10.1 - Introduction [Seite 201]
12.10.2 - Pain [Seite 201]
12.10.3 - Intervertebral Disk Disease [Seite 202]
12.10.4 - Peripheral Nerve Injuries [Seite 203]
12.10.5 - Transcranial PBMT [Seite 203]
12.10.6 - Degenerative Myelopathy [Seite 205]
12.10.7 - Case Studies [Seite 205]
12.10.8 - Conclusion [Seite 208]
12.10.9 - References [Seite 208]
12.11 - Chapter 18 Laser Therapy for the Geriatric Patient [Seite 210]
12.11.1 - Introduction [Seite 210]
12.11.2 - Important PBM Effects in Geriatric Patient Management [Seite 211]
12.11.3 - Utilization of Laser Therapy in Geriatric Patients [Seite 211]
12.11.4 - Case Studies [Seite 215]
12.11.5 - Final Considerations [Seite 217]
12.11.6 - References [Seite 218]
12.12 - Chapter 19 Feline-Specific Conditions [Seite 220]
12.12.1 - Introduction [Seite 220]
12.12.2 - Individualized Feline Treatment Plans [Seite 220]
12.12.3 - How to Calculate a Laser Therapy Treatment Dose [Seite 221]
12.12.4 - Feline-Specific Conditions [Seite 221]
12.12.5 - Case Studies [Seite 229]
12.12.6 - References [Seite 232]
13 - Part V Clinical Applications of Laser Therapy in Canine Sports Medicine [Seite 235]
13.1 - Chapter 20 Laser Therapy for the Canine Athlete [Seite 237]
13.1.1 - Laser Therapy for the Canine Athlete [Seite 237]
13.1.2 - Sports Injuries in the Canine Athlete and Response to Laser Therapy [Seite 237]
13.1.3 - Laser Therapy Application in Musculoskeletal Injuries [Seite 239]
13.1.4 - Sports Injury Rehabilitation [Seite 242]
13.1.5 - Laser Therapy in Sports Training and Muscle Performance [Seite 245]
13.1.6 - Pain in the Canine Athlete [Seite 246]
13.1.7 - Conclusion [Seite 246]
13.1.8 - References [Seite 247]
13.2 - Chapter 21 Discipline-Specific Canine Sports Medicine Applications [Seite 249]
13.2.1 - Introduction [Seite 249]
13.2.2 - Types of Canine Sports [Seite 249]
13.2.3 - General Principles of PBMT in Canine Sports Medicine [Seite 250]
13.2.4 - Application Technique [Seite 253]
13.2.5 - Dosages [Seite 254]
13.2.6 - Clinical Applications [Seite 254]
13.2.7 - Conclusion [Seite 258]
13.2.8 - References [Seite 258]
14 - Part VI Clinical Applications of Laser Therapy in Companion Animal Rehabilitation [Seite 261]
14.1 - Chapter 22 Laser Therapy and Multimodal Postoperative Rehabilitation [Seite 263]
14.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 263]
14.1.2 - Why Rehabilitation? [Seite 263]
14.1.3 - The Challenge and Opportunity of Rehabilitation in Veterinary Medicine [Seite 264]
14.1.4 - Rehabilitation Skills [Seite 265]
14.1.5 - Postoperative Rehabilitation Modalities [Seite 265]
14.1.6 - Postoperative Rehabilitation Outcomes [Seite 265]
14.1.7 - Why Multimodal Postoperative Rehabilitation? [Seite 266]
14.1.8 - Rehabilitation Tools [Seite 266]
14.1.9 - Postoperative Rehabilitation Protocols [Seite 266]
14.1.10 - Prehabilitation, Primary Therapy, and Rehabilitation [Seite 271]
14.1.11 - Clinical Experience [Seite 271]
14.1.12 - Treatment Plans [Seite 271]
14.1.13 - Postoperative Rehabilitation Fees [Seite 272]
14.1.14 - The Biggest Obstacle [Seite 272]
14.1.15 - References [Seite 272]
14.2 - Chapter 23 Laser Therapy and Injury Rehabilitation [Seite 274]
14.2.1 - Introduction [Seite 274]
14.2.2 - Wound Healing [Seite 274]
14.2.3 - How and Why Does Laser Therapy Work? [Seite 277]
14.2.4 - Evidence for Laser Therapy in Injury Rehabilitation [Seite 278]
14.2.5 - Role of Laser Therapy in Injury Rehabilitation [Seite 282]
14.2.6 - Case Studies [Seite 284]
14.2.7 - Conclusion [Seite 286]
14.2.8 - References [Seite 286]
14.3 - Chapter 24 Laser Therapy and Multimodal Performance Maintenance [Seite 289]
14.3.1 - Introduction [Seite 289]
14.3.2 - The Role of PBMT in the Multimodal Approach [Seite 289]
14.3.3 - The Role of PBMT in Osteoarthritis [Seite 291]
14.3.4 - PBMT and the Approach to Treatment [Seite 292]
14.3.5 - Maintenance in Postoperative Cases [Seite 293]
14.3.6 - Osteoarthritis Treatment and Maintenance [Seite 294]
14.3.7 - Performance Issues and PBMT [Seite 295]
14.3.8 - Degenerative Myelopathy [Seite 295]
14.3.9 - Maintenance When the Pain is Gone [Seite 297]
14.3.10 - References [Seite 297]
14.4 - Chapter 25 Laser Therapy and Geriatric Rehabilitation [Seite 299]
14.4.1 - Introduction [Seite 299]
14.4.2 - Geriatric Rehabilitation [Seite 299]
14.4.3 - The Geriatric Rehabilitation Visit [Seite 300]
14.4.4 - Case Studies [Seite 300]
14.4.5 - Conclusion [Seite 306]
14.4.6 - References [Seite 306]
15 - Part VII Clinical Applications of Laser Therapy in Exotic Animals [Seite 307]
15.1 - Chapter 26 Laser Therapy for Exotic Small Mammals [Seite 309]
15.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 309]
15.1.2 - Precautions and Contraindications [Seite 309]
15.1.3 - Clinical Indications [Seite 310]
15.1.4 - Conclusion [Seite 317]
15.1.5 - References [Seite 317]
15.2 - Chapter 27 Laser Therapy for Birds [Seite 320]
15.2.1 - Introduction [Seite 320]
15.2.2 - Precautions and Contraindications [Seite 320]
15.2.3 - Clinical Indications [Seite 321]
15.2.4 - Conclusion [Seite 326]
15.2.5 - References [Seite 326]
15.3 - Chapter 28 Laser Therapy for Reptiles [Seite 328]
15.3.1 - Introduction [Seite 328]
15.3.2 - Precautions and Contraindications [Seite 328]
15.3.3 - Clinical Indications [Seite 329]
15.3.4 - Conclusion [Seite 333]
15.3.5 - References [Seite 333]
15.4 - Chapter 29 Laser Therapy for Aquatic Species [Seite 335]
15.4.1 - Introduction [Seite 335]
15.4.2 - Safety Concerns and General Treatment Guidelines [Seite 335]
15.4.3 - Expect the Unexpected When Treating Aquatic Species [Seite 337]
15.4.4 - Dosage and Frequency of Administration [Seite 337]
15.4.5 - Case Studies [Seite 337]
15.4.6 - Conclusion [Seite 341]
15.4.7 - References [Seite 341]
15.5 - Chapter 30 Zoological Applications of Laser Therapy [Seite 342]
15.5.1 - Introduction [Seite 342]
15.5.2 - Special Considerations [Seite 343]
15.5.3 - Management of Cutaneous Wounds [Seite 343]
15.5.4 - Management of Neurologic Injuries [Seite 346]
15.5.5 - Management of Acute and Subacute Musculoskeletal Injuries [Seite 348]
15.5.6 - Laser Therapy and Dental Disease [Seite 349]
15.5.7 - Laser Therapy for Chronic Musculoskeletal Injuries [Seite 349]
15.5.8 - Future Role for Thermography?Assisted Laser Therapy [Seite 350]
15.5.9 - Conclusion [Seite 353]
15.5.10 - Acknowledgments [Seite 353]
15.5.11 - References [Seite 354]
16 - Part VIII Clinical Applications of Laser Therapy in Equine Practice [Seite 357]
16.1 - Chapter 31 Fundamentals of Equine Laser Therapy [Seite 359]
16.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 359]
16.1.2 - Patient Preparation [Seite 359]
16.1.3 - Therapeutic Dosage Considerations [Seite 360]
16.1.4 - General Treatment Techniques [Seite 361]
16.1.5 - Case Study: A Holistic Approach to the Treatment of Cunean Tendonitis/Bursitis - Distal Tarsitis Syndrome [Seite 363]
16.1.6 - Conclusion [Seite 364]
16.1.7 - References [Seite 365]
16.2 - Chapter 32 Administering Laser Therapy to the Equine Patient [Seite 366]
16.2.1 - Introduction [Seite 366]
16.2.2 - The Head [Seite 366]
16.2.3 - The Throat [Seite 367]
16.2.4 - The Cervical Spine and Soft Tissues of the Neck [Seite 368]
16.2.5 - The Shoulder Region [Seite 368]
16.2.6 - The Upper Arm and Forearm [Seite 370]
16.2.7 - The Carpus [Seite 371]
16.2.8 - The Metacarpus [Seite 372]
16.2.9 - The Fetlock and Pastern [Seite 373]
16.2.10 - The Hoof [Seite 374]
16.2.11 - The Back (Thoracolumbar Spine) [Seite 379]
16.2.12 - The Hip, Pelvis, and Upper Hind Limb [Seite 381]
16.2.13 - The Stifle [Seite 383]
16.2.14 - The Hock (Tarsus) and Metatarsus [Seite 386]
16.2.15 - Conclusion [Seite 388]
16.2.16 - References [Seite 389]
16.3 - Chapter 33 Laserpuncture for the Equine Patient [Seite 391]
16.3.1 - Introduction [Seite 391]
16.3.2 - Anatomical Locations of Equine Acupuncture Points using Western Nomenclature [Seite 391]
16.3.3 - References [Seite 396]
16.4 - Chapter 34 Laser Therapy for the Treatment of Equine Wounds [Seite 397]
16.4.1 - Introduction [Seite 397]
16.4.2 - The Influence of PBMT on Wound Healing [Seite 397]
16.4.3 - Phases of Wound Healing [Seite 397]
16.4.4 - Equine PBMT Treatment Techniques [Seite 401]
16.4.5 - General Wound Management [Seite 402]
16.4.6 - Types of Wound [Seite 402]
16.4.7 - Case Study: Treatment of an Open Distal Limb Wound [Seite 405]
16.4.8 - Conclusion [Seite 408]
16.4.9 - References [Seite 408]
16.5 - Chapter 35 Laser Therapy and Equine Performance Maintenance [Seite 412]
16.5.1 - Introduction [Seite 412]
16.5.2 - Lasers for Therapy of the Performance Horse [Seite 412]
16.5.3 - General Mechanisms of Action of Therapeutic Lasers [Seite 413]
16.5.4 - Pain Relief from Laser Therapy Application [Seite 413]
16.5.5 - Dose Guidelines for Equine Laser Therapy [Seite 414]
16.5.6 - Administration Precautions [Seite 415]
16.5.7 - Establishing Optimum Ranges of Motion [Seite 415]
16.5.8 - Laser Therapy and Equine Athletic Conditioning [Seite 416]
16.5.9 - Laser Therapy and Chiropractic Technique [Seite 417]
16.5.10 - Laser Therapy and Saddle Fit [Seite 418]
16.5.11 - Case Studies [Seite 418]
16.5.12 - Conclusion [Seite 420]
16.5.13 - References [Seite 420]
16.6 - Chapter 36 Laser Therapy and Multimodal Equine Rehabilitation [Seite 423]
16.6.1 - Introduction [Seite 423]
16.6.2 - Fundamental Information [Seite 423]
16.6.3 - Multimodal Therapeutic Modalities [Seite 425]
16.6.4 - Case Studies [Seite 432]
16.6.5 - Conclusion [Seite 434]
16.6.6 - References [Seite 434]
16.7 - Chapter 37 High-Intensity Laser Therapy for the Equine Patient [Seite 437]
16.7.1 - Introduction [Seite 437]
16.7.2 - The HILT Story [Seite 437]
16.7.3 - Biological Effects of Solid?State Lasers [Seite 438]
16.7.4 - High-Power Lasers: Continuous and Pulsed [Seite 441]
16.7.5 - Conclusion [Seite 441]
16.7.6 - References [Seite 441]
17 - Part IX Clinical Applications of Laser Therapy in Food Animal Practice [Seite 445]
17.1 - Chapter 38 Laser Therapy in Food?Animal Practice [Seite 447]
17.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 447]
17.1.2 - General Applications of PBMT in Food-Animal Medicine [Seite 448]
17.1.3 - Conditions Responsive to PBMT in Food Animals [Seite 450]
17.1.4 - Conclusion [Seite 451]
17.1.5 - References [Seite 451]
18 - Part X Laser Therapy and Alternative and Regenerative Therapies [Seite 453]
18.1 - Chapter 39 Laser Therapy and Acupuncture [Seite 455]
18.1.1 - Acupuncture [Seite 455]
18.1.2 - Laser Acupuncture [Seite 456]
18.1.3 - Clinical Indications [Seite 456]
18.1.4 - Safety Concerns [Seite 456]
18.1.5 - Research [Seite 457]
18.1.6 - References [Seite 459]
18.2 - Chapter 40 Laser Therapy in Veterinary Regenerative Medicine [Seite 461]
18.2.1 - Laser Therapy in Veterinary Regenerative Medicine [Seite 461]
18.2.2 - Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy [Seite 461]
18.2.3 - Stem-Cell Therapy [Seite 462]
18.2.4 - Rehabilitation Therapy following Regenerative Medicine Therapy [Seite 462]
18.2.5 - Regenerative Medicine and Photobiomodulation [Seite 463]
18.2.6 - Conclusion [Seite 467]
18.2.7 - References [Seite 467]
19 - Part XI Integrating Laser Therapy into Veterinary Medicine [Seite 471]
19.1 - Chapter 41 Successful Implementation and Marketing of Laser Therapy [Seite 473]
19.1.1 - Introduction [Seite 473]
19.1.2 - Pricing [Seite 473]
19.1.3 - Internet, Website, and Social Media Marketing [Seite 474]
19.1.4 - Daily Communication Opportunities [Seite 475]
19.1.5 - Developing a Medical Infrastructure [Seite 478]
19.1.6 - Communication Tools [Seite 479]
19.1.7 - Targeting Elite Markets [Seite 480]
19.1.8 - Conclusion [Seite 482]
19.1.9 - References [Seite 482]
19.2 - Chapter 42 The Role of Veterinary Technicians and Nurses in Laser Therapy [Seite 483]
19.2.1 - Veterinary Technicians [Seite 483]
19.2.2 - Veterinary Nurses [Seite 487]
19.2.3 - Conclusion [Seite 491]
19.2.4 - References [Seite 491]
19.3 - Chapter 43 Return on Investment for a Therapy Laser [Seite 493]
19.3.1 - Introduction [Seite 493]
19.3.2 - ROI for a Therapy Laser in My Own Companion Animal Practice [Seite 493]
19.3.3 - ROI for a Therapy Laser in Other Companion Animal Practices [Seite 495]
19.3.4 - ROI for a Therapy Laser in an Exotic-Animal Practice [Seite 496]
19.3.5 - ROI for a Therapy Laser in a Mobile Practice [Seite 496]
19.3.6 - ROI for a Therapy Laser in Equine Practice [Seite 497]
19.3.7 - Calculating Potential ROI for a Therapy Laser [Seite 498]
19.3.8 - Conclusion [Seite 498]
19.3.9 - References [Seite 499]
20 - Index [Seite 500]
21 - EULA [Seite 513]
