The Apocalyptic Son of Man in the Gospel of John

Name: The Apocalyptic Son of Man in the Gospel of John
Brand: Mohr Siebeck
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Benjamin E. Reynolds(Autor*in)

Mohr Siebeck (Verlag)

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Erschienen im Oktober 2008

XV, 314 Seiten

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Beschreibung

The title 'Son of Man' in the Gospel of John is an apocalyptic reference that highlights, among a number of things, that Jesus is a heavenly figure. Benjamin E. Reynolds analyzes the background of 'Son of Man' from the 'one like a son of man' in Daniel 7 and the interpretations of this figure in Jewish apocalyptic and early Christian literature. Although there is no established 'Son of Man concept', the Danielic son of man is interpreted with common characteristics that suggest there was at least some general understanding of this figure in the Second Temple period. The author shows that these common characteristics are noticeable throughout the Son of Man sayings in John's Gospel. The context and the interpretation of these sayings point to an understanding of the Johannine Son of Man similar to those in the interpretations of the Danielic figure. However, even though these similarities exist, the Johannine figure is distinct from the previous interpretations, just as they are distinct from one another. One obvious difference is the present reality of the Son of Man's role in judgment and salvation. The Johannine Son of Man is an apocalyptic figure, and thus 'Son of Man' does not function to draw attention to Jesus' humanity in the Gospel of John. Nor is the title synonymous with 'Son of God'. 'Son of Man' may overlap in meaning with other titles, particularly 'Son of God' and 'Messiah', but 'Son of Man' points to aspects of Jesus' identity that are not indicated by any other title. Along with the other titles, it helps to present a richer Christological portrait of the Johannine Jesus.

The title 'Son of Man' in the Gospel of John is an apocalyptic reference that highlights, among a number of things, that Jesus is a heavenly figure. Benjamin E. Reynolds analyzes the background of 'Son of Man' from the 'one like a son of man' in Daniel 7 and the interpretations of this figure in Jewish apocalyptic and early Christian literature. Although there is no established 'Son of Man concept', the Danielic son of man is interpreted with common characteristics that suggest there was at least some general understanding of this figure in the Second Temple period.The author shows that these common characteristics are noticeable throughout the Son of Man sayings in John's Gospel. The context and the interpretation of these sayings point to an understanding of the Johannine Son of Man similar to those in the interpretations of the Danielic figure. However, even though these similarities exist, the Johannine figure is distinct from the previous interpretations, just as they are distinct from one another. One obvious difference is the present reality of the Son of Man's role in judgment and salvation.The Johannine Son of Man is an apocalyptic figure, and thus 'Son of Man' does not function to draw attention to Jesus' humanity in the Gospel of John. Nor is the title synonymous with 'Son of God'. 'Son of Man' may overlap in meaning with other titles, particularly 'Son of God' and 'Messiah', but 'Son of Man' points to aspects of Jesus' identity that are not indicated by any other title. Along with the other titles, it helps to present a richer Christological portrait of the Johannine Jesus.

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Inhalt

Cover
Dedication
Preface
Table of Contents
Introduction: The Apocalyptic Son of Man in the Gospel of John
1. Previous Research on the Son of Man in the Gospel of John
1.1. 'Son of Man' and Jesus' Humanity
1.2. The Son of Man as Human and Divine
1.3. 'Son of Man' as equivalent to 'Son of God'
1.4 The Son of Man as a Heavenly Figure
1.5 Conclusion to History of Research
2. Defining 'Apocalyptic', 'Apocalypse',and 'apocalyptic Son of Man'
2.1. Defining 'Apocalyptic'
2.2. Defining 'Apocalypse'
2.3. A 'mystical Son of Man'?
3. A 'Son of Man Concept'?
4. Structure of the Study and Criteria for Identifying the Presence of the Danielic Son of Man
Part One: The 'One Like a Son of Man' and the Interpretations of this figure in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature and Early Christianity
Chapter 1: The 'One Like a Son of Man' in Daniel 7: Aramaic Daniel and the Earliest Greek Versions
1. Aramaic Text of Daniel 7
1.1. The 'One Like a Son of Man' and the Beasts
1.2. The 'One Like a Son of Man' and Ancient of Days
1.3. The 'One Like a Son of Man' and the Holy Ones of the Most High
1.4. Conclusion
2. The Earliest Greek Versions of Daniel 7
2.1. The Old Greek (OG) of Daniel 7
2.1.1. The 'One Like a Son of Man' and the Ancient of Days
2.1.2. Messianic Implications
2.1.3. The 'One Like a Son of Man' and the Holy Ones
2.1.4. Conclusion
2.2. The Theodotion (Ø) Text of Daniel 7
2.2.1. The 'One Like a Son of Man' and the Ancient of Days
2.2.2. The 'One Like a Son of Man' and the Holy Ones
2.2.3. Conclusion
3. Summary of Daniel 7 in Aramaic and Greek
Chapter 2: The 'One Like a Son of Man' in Jewish Apocalyptic Interpretation
1. The Similitudes of Enoch (1 Enoch 37-71)
1.1. Influence of Daniel 7
1.2. One Figure, Four Designations
1.3. Characteristics of the Enochic Son of Man
1.3.1. Heavenly, Preexistent, and Revealer of Heavenly Secrets
1.3.2. Royal and Messianic
1.3.3. Judgment and Salvation
1.3.4. Recognized
1.3.5. Similarities with God
1.3.6. His Dwelling with the Righteous
1.3.7. Servant
1.3.8. Human
1.4. Conclusion
2. 4 Ezra (2 Esdras)
2.1. Influence of Daniel 7
2.2. The Characteristics of the Man from the Sea in the Vision and Interpretation
2.2.1. My Son
2.2.2. Messiah
2.2.3. Judgment and Salvation
2.2.4. Similarities with God
2.2.5. Preexistence
2.2.6. Recognized
2.2.7. Gathering the Righteous
2.3. Conclusion
2.3.1. Vision and Interpretation
2.3.2. Vision as Originally Independent
3. 2 Baruch (Syriac Baruch)
3.1. Influence of Daniel 7
3.2. 2 Baruch's Messiah
3.3. Conclusion
4. Summary of the Jewish Apocalyptic Interpretation
Excursus: 4Q246 (4QapocrDan ar)
1.1. Similarities with Daniel
1.2. The 'Son of God' Figure
1.3 Conclusion
Chapter 3: The 'One Like a Son of Man' in Early Christian Interpretation
1. The Gospel According to Mark
1.1. Influence of Daniel 7
1.2. The Son of Man's Authority
1.3. Judgment and the Son of Man's Coming
1.4. Characteristics of the Markan Son of Man
2. The Gospel According to Matthew
2.1. Influence of Daniel 7
2.2. The Son of Man in Matthew
2.3. Characteristics of the Matthean Son of Man
3. The Gospel According to Luke
3.1. Influence of Daniel 7
3.2. The Son of Man in Luke
3.3. Characteristics of the Lukan Son of Man
4. Acts of the Apostles
4.1. Influence of Daniel 7
4.2. Two Questions
4.3. Characteristics of the Son of Man in Acts
5. Revelation
5.1. Influence of Daniel 7
5.2. The Coming One - Rev 1.7
5.3. The Human-Like Figure among the Lampstands - Rev 1.13
5.4. The Human-Like Figure Seated on the Cloud - Rev 14.14
5.5. Characteristics of the Son of Man Figure in Revelation
6. Summary of the Early Christian Interpretation
Part Two: The Son of Man in the Gospel of John
Chapter 4 The Apocalyptic Introduction to the Johannine Son of Man - John 1.51
1. Apocalyptic Characteristics of the Son of Man in John 1.51
1.1. The Recognition of the Son of Man
1.2. The Son of Man as the Messiah
1.3. The Son of Man as a Heavenly Figure - Heaven Opened
2. The 'Johannized' Son of Man
2.1. The Son of Man as Heavenly Mediator - Gen 28.12
2.2. The Realized Johannine Son of Man in comparison with the Future Son of Man of the Synoptic Sanhedrin Sayings
3. Conclusion
Chapter 5 The Ascent-Descent and 'Lifting Up' of the Son of Man - John 3.13-14
1. The Ascent-Descent of the Son of Man - John 3.13
1.1. The Son of Man Reveals the Heavenly Things
1.2. The Son of Man as a Heavenly Figure and Preexistent
1.2.1. The Descent of the Son of Man
1.2.2. No One Has Ascended
1.2.3 The Use of e? µ in 3.13
1.2.4. The Son of Man's Ascent
1.3. 'Apocalyptic Son of Man' Characteristics in 3.13
2. The Son of Man Must Be Lifted Up - John 3.14
2.1. The Meaning of 'Y???
2.2. Moses and the Bronze Serpent: Num 21.4-9
2.3. The Johannine Comparison
2.4. 'Lifting up' in the Gospel of John
2.5. 'Apocalyptic Son of Man' Characteristics in 3.14
3. Conclusion to the Son of Man Sayings in 3.13 and 14
3.1. The 'Johannized' Apocalyptic Son of Man
3.2. 'Son of Man' and 'Son of God' in the Gospel of John
Chapter 6 The Son of Man as Apocalyptic Judge - John 5.27
1. 'The Son of Man' or 'a son of man'?
1.1. Grammatical Evidence for Definiteness?
1.2. Contextual Evidence for Definiteness: Jesus, Judgment, and Humanity
2. The Apocalyptic Son of Man in John 5.27
2.1. The Johannine Son of Man and the 'One Like a Son of Man'
2.1.1. The Verbal Link between Daniel 7.13-14 and John 5.27
2.1.2. The Judgment Theme in Daniel 7 and John 5
2.2. The Son of Man's Apocalyptic Role in Resurrection
2.3. Other 'Apocalyptic Son of Man' Characteristics in John 5: Recognition, Similarity with God, Salvation
2.4. The 'Johannized' Son of Man
3. 'Son' and 'Son of Man'
4. Conclusion
Chapter 7 The Life-Giving Son of Man - John 6.27, 53, 62
1. The Son of Man as Life-Giver - John 6.27
1.1. The Son of Man and Life-Giving Food
1.2. The Sealing of the Son of Man
1.3. The Timing of the Gift of Life
2. Bread from Heaven - John 6.53
2.1. The One Descending from Heaven
2.2. Similarities with God
2.3. Eating the Flesh and Drinking the Blood of the Son of Man
2.4. Son of Man, Salvation, and Judgment
3. The Son of Man's Ascent and Preexistence - John 6.62
4. Conclusion
Chapter 8 The Lifted Up and Recognized Son of Man - John 8.28
1. Jesus' Origin and Identity in John 7 and 8
2. 'Apocalyptic Son of Man' Characteristics in John 8.28
2.1. The Son of Man's Origin
2.2. The Son of Man's Relationship with God - I Am
2.3. The Son of Man's Shared Action with God - Judgment
2.4. The Recognition of the Lifted Up Son of Man
2.4.1. What They Will Know - Jesus' Identity
2.4.2. The Lifting Up
2.4.3. The Timing of the Knowledge
2.4.4. The Result of the Knowledge
3. Conclusion
Chapter 9 Belief in the Son of Man - John 9.35
1. The Healing, Controversies, and Jesus' Question
2. 'Apocalyptic Son of Man' Characteristics in John 9.35
2.1. Recognizing the Son of Man
2.1.1. Sight and Hearing
2.1.2. Belief as the ultimate Johannine Recognition
2.2. The Son of Man is Worshipped
2.3. The Son of Man and Judgment
2.3.1. 'For Judgment I have come into the World'
2.3.2. Non-apocalyptic Judgment?
2.4. The Son of Man as a Heavenly Figure and Preexistent
2.5. The Son of Man's Authority
3. 'Son of Man' and Jesus' Humanity in John 9.35?
4. Conclusion
Chapter 10 The Glorification and Lifting Up of the Son of Man - John 12.23, 34
1. The Glorification of the Son of Man
1.1. The Son of Man's Hour of Glorification as Death, Resurrection, and Return
1.1.1. The Son of Man's Hour
1.1.2. The Son of Man's Glorification
1.2. Glorification as an 'Apocalyptic Son of Man' Characteristic
2. The Hour of Glorification as Judgment
3. The Hour of the Son of Man's Glorification and the 'Lifting Up'
3.1. The Relationship between His Glorification and 'Lifting Up'
3.2. 'If I am Lifted up from the Earth'
4. The Son of Man and the Messiah
5. Conclusion
Chapter 11 The Glorification of the Son of Man and God - John 13.31-32
1. Now is the Son of Man Glorified
1.1. The Glorification of the Son of Man in John 13 as more than the Cross
1.2. Present and Future Aspects of the Son of Man's Glorification
2. 'Apocalyptic Son of Man' Characteristics in John 13.31-32
2.1. Glory and the Apocalyptic Son of Man
2.2. The Heavenly Significance of the Son of Man's Glory
2.3. Similarities between the Son of Man and God
3. Conclusion
Conclusion
1. The Danielic son of man in Jewish Apocalyptic and Early Christian Interpretation
2. The Apocalyptic Son of Man in the Gospel of John
3. The Distinctive Features of the Johannine Son of Man
3.1. The Johannine Son of Man and the Realized Eschatology of John's Gospel
3.2. The Johannine Son of Man and Salvation
3.3. The 'Lifting Up' and Ascent-Descent Language
4. The Significance of the Apocalyptic Son of Man for Johannine Christology
4.1. The Son of Man and Jesus' Humanity
4.2. 'Son of Man' and 'Son of God'
4.3. Johannine Son of Man Christology and an Apocalyptic Background
5. Some Implications of the Apocalyptic Son of Man in John
5.1. John and the Synoptics
5.2. The Genre of the Gospel of John
5.3. The Apocalyptic Son of Man and Docetism
Appendix: Tabular Representation of the 'Apocalyptic Son of Man' Characteristics
1. Introduction
2. Common Characteristics of the 'one like a son of man'
3. Less Common Characteristics of the 'one like a son of man'
Bibliography
1. Primary Sources and Reference Works
2. Commentaries on the Gospel of John
3. Books, Articles, and Essays
Index of References
Old Testament
New Testament
Apocrypha
Pseudepigrapha
Qumran
Philo
Josephus
Church Fathers
New Testament Apocrypha
Classical Greek Authors
Rabbinic Literature
Index of Authors
Index of Subjects and Key Terms

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