Abbildung von: International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures - Springer

International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures

SynerCrete'23 - Volume 1

Agnieszka Jedrzejewska Fragkoulis Kanavaris Miguel Azenha Farid Benboudjema Dirk Schlicke(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

Erschienen am 10. Juni 2023

XXXVIII, 1341 Seiten

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This book highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in cement-based materials (CBM) and concrete structures, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the International RILEM Conference on synergizing expertise toward sustainability and robustness of CBM and concrete structures (SynerCrete), held in Milos Island, Greece, on June 14-16, 2023. The aim of the conference was to discuss and arouse progress in research, development, and application of CBM and structural concrete through combination of expertise from distinct fields of knowledge, such as performance-based design, 3D modeling for analysis/design, building information modeling, and even robotics, while keeping focus on multiscale approaches at time and spatial levels. It covers a diverse range of topics concerning alternative concrete formulations for adaptation to climate change, performance-based and multiphysics/multiscale design and innovative testing, structural health monitoring and maintenance management, integral BIM-based planning, and resource-responsible building. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations. The two volumes encompass more than 200 original contributions in the field.

Reihe

Rilem Bookseries

Auflage

1st ed. 2023

Sprache

Englisch

Verlagsort

Cham

Schweiz

Verlagsgruppe

Springer International Publishing

Illustrationen

679 farbige Abbildungen, 143 s/w Abbildungen

XXXVIII, 1341 p. 822 illus., 679 illus. in color.

Dateigröße

118,28 MB

ISBN-13

978-3-031-33211-1 (9783031332111)

DOI

10.1007/978-3-031-33211-1

Schlagworte

rilem performance-based design structural health monitoring Structural Concrete SynerCrete BIM-based Planning

Schweitzer Klassifikation

Technik / Architektur

Bautechnik

Hochbau

Maschinenbau

Werkstoffkunde / Materialwissenschaft

Thema Klassifikation

EDV und Informationstechnologie

Angewandte Informatik

Computeranwendungen in Industrie und Technologie

Geowissenschaften, Geographie, Umwelt, Planung

Umweltwissenschaften

Umweltmanagement

Technologie, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Landwirtschaft, Industrieprozesse

Bauingenieur-, Vermessungs- und Bauwesen

Hochbau und Baustoffe

Maschinenbau und Werkstoffe

Materialwissenschaft

DNB DDC Sachgruppen

Technik

Ingenieurbau und Umwelttechnik

Dewey Decimal Classfication (DDC)

Technology

Engineering

Engineering & Applied operations

BIC 2 Klassifikation

Computing & information technology

Information technology: general issues

Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning

The environment

Environmental management

Technology, engineering, agriculture

Civil engineering, surveying & building

Building construction & materials

Mechanical engineering & materials

Materials science

BISAC Klassifikation

Computers

Data Processing

Technology & Engineering

Engineering (General)

Civil / General

Environmental / General

Materials Science / General

Warengruppensystematik 2.0

Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik

Technik

Bautechnik, Umwelttechnik

Intro
Preface
Organisation
Contents
RILEM Publications
Keynote
Substituting Natural Pozzolan with Artificial Derived from Industrial Perlite Waste for Mortar Production
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Testing Raw Materials
2.2 Mortars
2.3 Grouts
3 Conclusions
References
Modelling of Cement-Based Materials
A Benchmarking of Slag Blended Cement Hydration Models
1 Introduction
2 Models
2.1 Brief Overview of Cement Composition
2.2 Ordinary Portland Cement Analytical Models
2.3 Analytical Models for Slag Blended Cement
2.4 Numerical Models for Slag Blended Cement
3 Comparison
3.1 Summary of Models' Characteristics
3.2 Comparison on the Quantity of Consumed and Produced Phases
4 Conclusions
References
Refining Kinetic Models for SCM Reactivity in Blended Cements
1 Introduction
2 Data
3 Kinetic Model
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Parameterisation of SCM Reaction Kinetics
4.2 Temperature Dependence
4.3 Alkali and Ca(OH)2 Supply
5 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Atomistic Dissolution of ß-C2S Cement Clinker Crystal Surface: Part 1 Molecular Dynamics (MD) Approach
1 Introduction
2 Computational Detail
2.1 Model Construction
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Pre-hydration of ß-C2S
3.2 Dissolution of Calcium from the First Layer of (100) Surface of ß-C2S: Case I & Case II, also Including Various Neighbour Scenarios
3.3 Dissolution of Silicate from the First Layer of (100) Surface of ß-C2S: Case III with Various Neighbour Scenarios
3.4 Dissolution of Calcium from the Second Layer of (100) Surface of ß-C2S: Case VI with Various Neighbour Scenarios
3.5 Upscaling the Dissolution Rate for (100) Surface of ß-C2S
4 Conclusions
References
Einstein Explains Water Transport in C-S-H
1 Introduction
2 Transport at the Molecular Scale
2.1 From Displacement to Self-diffusion
2.2 From Self-diffusion to Permeability
3 Molecular Simulations Assessing Transport Properties of Water Confined in C-S-H
3.1 Self-diffusion from Equilibrium MD
3.2 Hydrodynamics Under Forced Flow from NEMD
4 Transport at the Gel Scale: A Mean-Field Approximation
5 Results
5.1 Transport Properties at the Molecular Scale at the Molecular Scale
5.2 Transport Properties at the Molecular Scale at the Gel Scale
6 Conclusions
References
Is Thermal Pressurization in C-S-H Relevant for Concrete Spalling?
1 Introduction
2 Models and Methods
2.1 C-S-H Structure and Force Field
2.2 Simulation Details
2.3 Confining Pressure Computation
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Confining Pressure
3.2 Water Content
4 Conclusions
References
Multiscale Modeling of the Dielectric Response of C-S-H
1 Introduction
2 Molecular Models and Methods
2.1 Dielectric Response from Molecular Simulations
2.2 Simulation Details
3 Upscaling the Dielectric Permittivity
4 Results
4.1 Static Dielectric Response at the Molecular Scale
4.2 Frequency-Dependent Response at the Molecular Scale
4.3 Dielectric Response of C-S-H Gel
5 Conclusions
References
Quantum Mechanically Informed Kinetic Monte Carlo Models for Hydrogen Diffusion in BCC-Iron
1 Introduction
2 Hydrogen as an Interstitial in BCC-Iron
2.1 Jump Parameters
3 Conclusion
References
Numerical Modeling of Water Transfer in Geomaterials: Application to a Concrete Tunnel Subjected to Both Drying and Liquid Overpressure
1 Introduction
2 Water Transfer Model
2.1 Unsaturated Zone
2.2 Saturated Zone
3 Numerical Simulation of Radioactive Waste Storage Tunnel
3.1 Description of the Geometry and the Boundary Conditions
3.2 Results Analysis
4 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Replicating the Failure Mechanism of a Real-World Event with the Lattice Discrete Particle Model
1 Introduction
2 Modelling Strategy
3 Results
4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Thermomechanical Investigations for the Design of Reinforced Concrete Facings
1 Introduction
2 Model
2.1 FE-Model
2.2 Studied Scenarios
2.3 Development of Mechanical Properties
3 Results
3.1 Temperature and Stress Development
3.2 Crack Width Calculation
4 Conclusions
References
Modelling of the CO2 Uptake by Recycled Concrete Aggregates
1 Introduction
2 Program
2.1 Model Equations
2.2 Application to the Modelling of Carbonation at Stockpile Scale
2.3 Application to the Modelling of Carbonation at Grain Scale
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Atmospheric Carbonation of RCA at Stockpile Scale
3.2 Carbonation at Grain Scale
4 Conclusions
References
A Multiscale Multiphysics Platform to Investigate Cement Based Materials
1 Introduction
1.1 Industrial Context and Issues
1.2 A Software Toolbox Dedicated to Concrete
2 Brief Description of Vi(CA)2T Toolbox
2.1 Overview of Embedded Physical Models
2.2 Verification and Validation
3 Practical Applications
3.1 Creep Response for Containment Building Structural Analysis
3.2 Permittivity Measurements to Assess Water Content in Structure
4 Conclusion and Next Steps
References
Estimation of Protected Paste Volumes by Dirichlet Tessellation Associated with Point Processes of Air Voids
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Procedures
2.1 Materials and Mix Proportions of Concretes
2.2 Image Acquisition and the Automatic Linear Traverse Measurement of Air Voids
2.3 Conversion of Air Voids to a Planar Point Process and Dirichlet Tessellation of Cement Paste Matrix
2.4 Simulation of Point Patterns and Determination of the Characteristic Tile Area
2.5 Characteristic Distance Defined by the Nearest Neighbor Distance Distribution Function for a Point Process
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Dirichlet Tessellation Associated with an Actual Point Pattern
3.2 Dirichlet Tessellation for Simulated Point Patterns with the Same Point Intensity
3.3 Relationship Between Characteristic Distances of the Nearest Neighbor Distance Distribution Function and the Tile Sizes of Dirichlet Tessellation
3.4 Relationship Between the Surface Density of Air Voids and the Tile Sizes for 95% Protection
4 Conclusions
References
MASKE: Particle-Based Chemo-Mechanical Simulations of Degradation Processes
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 The MASKE Simulator
2.2 The Calcium Hydroxide System in This Article
3 Results
3.1 Stress-Free Equilibrium and Dissolution/Growth of a CH Nanocrystal
3.2 Pressure-solution Creep
3.3 Crystallization Pressure
4 Conclusion
References
Temperature-Dependent Behavior of Mature Cement Paste: Creep Testing and Multiscale Modeling
1 Introduction
2 Multiscale Modelling of Cementitious Materials Using Methods from Continuum Micromechanics
2.1 Basics of Mean-Field Methods of Continuum Micromechanics
2.2 State-of-the-Art Multiscale Model for Strength and Creep Upscaling and Mechanical Properties of Hydrate Gel Needles
3 Temperature-Dependent Stiffness of the Hydrate Gel Needles
3.1 Macroscopic Experiments
3.2 Validation of the Temperature-Dependent Values of the Modulus of Elasticity of Table 1 by Means of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Tests
3.3 Multiscale Modelling
4 Conclusions
References
Development of an Experimental-Numerical Approach to Model Cement Paste Microstructure Using Quantitative Phase Assemblage from XRD and Thermodynamic Modeling
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Experimental and GEMS Phase Assemblage
4.2 Calibrated µic Microstructure Model
4.3 µic Calibrated 3D Microstructure and Upscaling Perspectives
5 Conclusions
References
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Concrete Abrasion of Hydraulic Structures
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Study
2.1 Sediment-Laden Flow Impact Method
2.2 Raw Materials and Mixture Design
2.3 3D Scanning Method and the Data Analysis
2.4 Experimental Results
3 Numerical Analysis
3.1 3D Meso-Scale Concrete Model
3.2 Material Property
3.3 Loads and Boundary Conditions
3.4 Simulation Analysis Results
4 Conclusions
References
Multi-physics Modelling of Concrete Shrinkage with the Lattice Discrete Particle Model Considering the Volume of Aggregates
1 Introduction
2 Multi-physics Framework
2.1 Mechanical Model
2.2 Hygro-Thermo-chemical (HTC) Model
2.3 Improved Shrinkage Model
2.4 One-Way Coupling
3 Simulations of Experimental Campaign
3.1 Experimental Description
3.2 Calibration of Model Parameters
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Building Information Modelling
Enhanced Interoperability between Geotechnical and Structural Engineering for 3D Building Models
1 Introduction
2 Benefits and Limitations of the Subgrade Reaction Method
3 Engineering Approach to Exchange Settlement Troughs
3.1 3D Multi-storey Building
3.2 Exchanging Nodal Displacements
4 Conclusion
References
Industry 4.0 Enabled Modular Precast Concrete Components: A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art
2.1 Precast Concrete Components and Modular Construction
2.2 Industry 4.0 and Digital Twin
2.3 The Asset Administration Shell
3 Concept
3.1 Serial Production of Precast Concrete Modules
3.2 The Digital Twin of Precast Concrete Modules
4 Application
4.1 Design
4.2 Digital Twin Representation of the Y-Shaped Precast Concrete Module
4.3 Production
4.4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Integral BIM-Based Planning
1 Introduction
2 Integral Planning Process
3 Case Study
3.1 Project A
4 Analysis and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
RecycleBIM Approach Towards Integrated Data Management for Circularity: Proof of Concept in a RC Building
1 Introduction
2 The RecycleBIM Project
3 Data: Information Needs and Database
4 The Web-Based Tool
5 Application to RC Building
6 Conclusions
References
Towards Standardization of Data for Structural Concrete: Product Data Templates
1 Introduction
2 PDTs: Standards and Existing Initiatives
3 Product Data Templates for Concrete Products
3.1 Methodology of EN ISO 23386 e 23387 for PDT Creation
3.2 Product Data Template Proposal
4 Conclusion
References
Non-standardised Testing Techniques
An Innovative Experiment for Air Pressure Measurements in Crack Models Representative of Real Cracks in Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Preliminary Remarks
2.2 Samples' Realization
2.3 Experimental Device and Procedures
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Monitoring of Capillary Pressure Evolution in Young Age Concrete Using High Capacity Tensiometers
1 Introduction
2 High Capacity Tensiometer Design for Monitoring Capillary Pressure in Early Age Concrete
2.1 Ceramic Filter
2.2 Pressure Transducer
2.3 Water Reservoir and Sheath
3 Saturation, Calibration, Measuring Range and Effect of Temperature
3.1 First Saturation
3.2 Calibration
3.3 Measuring Range
3.4 Effect of Temperature
4 Monitoring the Evolution of Capillary Pressure in Concrete Using HCT-Cs
5 Conclusion
References
A Transient Re-touching of Carbon Fiber to Cement Interface Under Single Fiber Pullout Testing with Direct Current Measurement
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Preparation of the Single Carbon Fiber Specimens
2.3 Linear Sweep Polarization Voltammetry (LSV)
2.4 Direct Current Measurement During the Whole Pullout Process
3 Results
3.1 Effect of Polarization
3.2 Electromechanical Single Carbon Fiber Pullout
4 Conclusions
References
Effect of Moisture on the Piezoresistive Properties of Aluminosilicate-Based Building Materials
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Part
2.1 Martials and Sample Preparation
2.2 Testing Procedures
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Thermal Gradient in Large Concrete Test Bodies: A Macroscale Experimental Approach
1 Introduction
2 Experiments
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Preparation of the Formwork
2.3 Concrete Mixture
3 Results
3.1 Temperature Profiles
3.2 Thermal Gradient
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Developing a New Rapid, Relevant, and Reliable (R3) Method for Accelerated Measurement of Carbonation Progress at Gas Overpressure
1 Introduction
2 Development of a Device for Automated Accelerated Carbonation Testing
2.1 Description of the Setup
2.2 Automatic Control of Pressure and CO2 Concentration
2.3 Limitations of the Measurement Setup
3 Experimental Program
3.1 Materials and Pre-conditioning
3.2 Carbonation Progress at Constant Gas Overpressure
3.3 Carbonation Progress at Cyclic and Stepwise Increasing Gas Overpressure
3.4 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Assessing Cement Matrix Permeability by Neutron Dark Field Imaging
1 Introduction
2 Preliminary Assessment of the Me-S-H Nanocomposite and its Effect
3 Neutron Dark Field Imaging
3.1 Sample Preparation
3.2 DFI Image Analysis
4 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Dam Concrete in Situ Creep Tests. Experimental Setup and Results from Six Large Concrete Dams
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
2.1 General Aspects
2.2 Moulds
2.3 Location of the System
2.4 Strainmeters
2.5 Oil Piping
3 Comparison of the Results from Different Dams
4 Final Remarks
References
Preliminary Analysis of Non-destructive Test Methods to Evaluate the Self-healing Efficiency on the Construction Site
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Vascular Network
2.2 Concrete Composition and Specimen Preparation
2.3 Microscopy
2.4 Moisture Content
2.5 Air Permeability
2.6 Water Permeability with Karsten Tubes
2.7 Resistivity
2.8 Ultrasound
3 Results and Discussion of Laboratory Tests
3.1 Microscopy
3.2 Moisture Content
3.3 Air Permeability
3.4 Water Permeability with Karsten Tubes
3.5 Resistivity
3.6 Ultrasound
3.7 Summary
4 Application of Test Methods on Site
5 Conclusion
References
Open-Source EMM-ARM Implementation for Mortars Based on Single-Board Computer
1 Introduction
2 EMM-ARM Application to Mortars: Original Setup
3 Hardware of the New Design
3.1 Computing Device
3.2 Excitation of the Specimen
3.3 Response Acquisition of the Specimen
4 Software of the New Design
4.1 Multiprocessing on Raspberry Pi
4.2 Modal Parameters Identification Method
5 Preliminary Results and Discussions
5.1 Tests Conducted
5.2 Results
5.3 Discussions
6 Conclusions
References
Understanding the Degradation of Concrete Structures During the Nitrification Process for the Treatment of Wastewater: A Lab Biological Degradation Test
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials Description
2.2 Protocol for in Situ Exposure
2.3 Protocol for Lab Biological Test
3 Results
3.1 Monitoring of in Situ Exposure
3.2 Results for Lab Biological Test
4 Conclusions Remarks
References
A Cost-Effective Micro-controller Based System for EMM-ARM Tests in Cement Paste
1 Introduction
2 Original EMM-ARM Test Setup for Hardening Cement Pastes
3 Proposed System
3.1 Overview
3.2 Data-Acquisition System Hardware
3.3 Choice of Accelerometer
3.4 Source Code for Data-Acquisition
3.5 Post-processing Software
3.6 Bill of Materials and Cost Estimation
4 Validation
4.1 Methodology
4.2 Experimental Results
5 Conclusions
References
Analysis of Concrete Transient Thermal Deformation in the Context of Structures Submitted to Various Levels of Temperature and Mechanical Loading
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Experimental Program
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Free Strains in Autogenous Conditions
3.2 Total Deformation and Basic Creep Strain
3.3 Coupled Effects of Temperature and Loading Rate
4 Conclusion
References
Semi-circular Bending Test to Evaluate the Post Cracking Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Concretes
1 Introduction
2 Semi-Circular Bending Test (SCB)
2.1 Inverse Analysis
3 Methodology
3.1 Materials and Dosage Definition
3.2 Inverse Analysis Procedure
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Experimental Results
4.2 Inverse Analysis Results
5 Conclusions
References
Development of Damage Monitoring Techniques During Fatigue Compression Test on Concrete Specimen
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Test Setup for Mechanical Testing
2.2 Fatigue Monitoring
2.3 First Non-destructive Method: Ground Penetrating Radar
2.4 Second Non-destructive Method: Modal Analysis
2.5 Third Non-destructive Method: Stiffness Damage Test, SDT
3 Results
3.1 Fatigue Monitoring
3.2 First Non-destructive Method: Ground Penetrating Radar
3.3 Second Non-destructive Method: Modal Analysis
3.4 Third Non-destructive Method: Stiffness Damage Test, SDT
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Comparison of Different Approaches for Quantification of Amorphous Phase in Hydrated Cement Paste by XRD
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methods
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Innovative FWD Testing on Concrete Slabs
1 Introduction
2 Multi-directional FWD Tests
2.1 Test Protocol
2.2 Experimental Data from the New Slab A2-54440
2.3 Experimental Data from the Old Slab A2-54003
2.4 Asymmetries in the Structural Behavior of the Slabs
3 Structural Analysis of the New Slab
3.1 Identification of a Uniform Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
3.2 Extension and Consideration of a Uniform Eigendeflection, w0
4 Conclusions
Appendix A
References
Numerical Simulations for the Determination of Chloride Diffusivity in Reinforced Concrete Under Tensile Load
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Accelerated Migration Test
2.2 Numerical Simulation
3 Results of the Sensitivity Studies
3.1 Electrical Field
3.2 Chloride Upstream Concentration
3.3 Distance Between 2 Cells
3.4 Influence of a Straight Crack
4 Conclusion
References
Valorisation and Recycling of Non-binder Components of Concrete
Deconstructable Concrete Structures Made of Recycled Aggregates from Construction & Demolition Waste: The Experience of the DeConStRAtion Project
1 Introduction
2 Design and Prototyping
2.1 Design of the Structural Components
2.2 Prototyping Activities
2.3 Raw Materials and Mixture Proportioning
2.4 Casting Procedures
2.5 Post-tensioning of RAC Modules with Shape Memory Alloy Bars
3 Full-Scale Flexural Tests
3.1 Description of Test Setup
3.2 Test Results
4 Conclusion
References
Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Hemp Particles on Hydration Kinetics of Multicomponent Mineral Binder
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Procedure
2.1 Materials
2.2 Experimental Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Hydration Kinetics Analysis of the Binder
3.2 Semi-quantitative Methods of Hydration Tracking
4 Conclusions
References
Development of Concrete Mixtures Based Entirely on Construction and Demolition Waste and Assessment of Parameters Influencing the Compressive Strength
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Program
2.1 Materials
2.2 Mixture Design
2.3 Curing and Testing
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Compressive Strength
3.2 SEM/EDX Analysis
3.3 MIP Analysis
4 Conclusions
References
Utilisation of COVID-19 Waste PPE in the Applications of Structural Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Materials, Mix Design and Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 SEM-EDS Analysis
3.2 Compressive Strength Results
4 Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Work
References
Microbial Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) Treatments for the Reduction of Water Absorption of Recycled Mixed Aggregates
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
2.1 Recycled Mixed Aggregate (RMA)
2.2 MICP Reagents
2.3 MICP Treatment Methods
2.4 Preparation of Mortar Samples
2.5 Testing Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Preliminary Tests
3.2 MICP Treatments
3.3 Mortar Properties
4 Conclusions
References
Use of Recycled Carbon Fibres in Textile Reinforced Concrete for the Construction Industry
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art
3 Materials and Methods
4 Results
4.1 Recycled Carbon Fibre Nonwoven Reinforcement
4.2 Recycled Carbon Fibre Yarn Reinforcement
4.3 Comparison of Results of Different Recycled Carbon Fibre Reinforcements
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Valorization of Sulphidic Mine Tailings as Artificial Aggregate: Implementation in Cement-Based Materials
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Influence of the Composition of Original Concrete on the Carbonated Recycled Concrete Aggregates Properties
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methods
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Evaluation of Eco-friendly Concrete Release Agents Based on Bio-Waxes
1 Introduction
2 Materials
2.1 Mould Release Agent (MRA)
2.2 Formwork Surfaces
2.3 Cement
3 Methods
3.1 Part 1 Study of Interfacial Properties Between MRA and Formwork Surface
3.2 Part 2 Study of Interaction Between Concrete and Formwork
4 Results
4.1 Part 1 Study of Interfacial Properties Between MRA and Formwork Surface
4.2 Part 2 Study of Interaction Between Concrete and Formwork
5 Conclusion
References
Durability Characterization of Concrete Using Seashell Co-products as Aggregate Replacement
1 Introduction
2 Materials
2.1 Raw Materials
2.2 Concrete Mix Design
3 Methods
3.1 Porosity Accessible to Water Measurement
3.2 Methods for Chloride Resistance Measurements
3.3 Method for Gas Permeability Measurements
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Porosity Accessible to Water Results
4.2 Apparent Chloride Diffusion and Resistivity Results
4.3 Gas Permeability
5 Conclusion
References
Production Waste Fibres as a Sustainable Alternative for Strengthening Cementitious Composites
1 Introduction
2 Waste Fibre Streams
3 Characterization of Waste Fibres
3.1 Methods
3.2 Results and Discussions
3.3 Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Effect of Elevated Temperatures on Concrete Made with Ash from Wood Biomass and Recycled Polymer Fibers from Waste Rubber
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Program
2.1 Materials and Concrete Mixes
2.2 Specimens - Curing, Dimensions and Heat Treatment
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Compressive Strength
3.2 Modulus of Elasticity
3.3 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
3.4 Gas Permeability
4 Conclusion
References
Use of Marble Sludge Waste and Polypropylene Fibers in Developing Eco-friendly Strain Resilient Cementitious Composites
1 Introduction
2 Research Significance
3 Materials and Specimens
4 Experimental Results and Analysis
4.1 Compressive Behaviour
4.2 Tensile Behaviour
5 Conclusions
References
Test Methods to Evaluate Durability of Blended Cement Pastes Against Deleterious Ions (TC 298-EBD)
A Novel Uniaxial Penetration Approach to Investigate External Sulfate Attack on Blended Cement Pastes
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Sample Preparation
2.3 Macroscopic Observations
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Appearances
3.2 Mass Variations and Expansion
3.3 Chemical Compositions in C-S-H Hydrates
3.4 Sulfate Ingress Maps
3.5 Insights on the Salt Crystallization Degradation
4 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
The Penetration of Chlorides Within Cement Pastes Under an Electric Field
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Cementitious Mixtures
2.2 Chloride Ion Penetration Resistance Test
2.3 Porosity and Water Permeability Tests
2.4 Stereomicroscope and SEM Observation
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Chloride Penetration, Porosity and Water Permeability
3.2 Macroscopic Chloride Profiles
3.3 Microstructure
3.4 The Chloride Profiles
4 Conclusions
References
Chloride Binding in Slag Containing Composite Cements
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussions
4 Concluding Remarks
References
XCr/Vt as an Indicator of the Resistance Against Bulk Chloride Diffusion
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Investigated Systems
2.2 Specimen Preparation
2.3 Bulk Diffusion on Cement Pastes
2.4 Chloride Profiles by µXRF
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Chloride Profiles and Reference Chloride Intensity
3.2 Determination of Dapp and Fitting of Chloride Profiles
3.3 VDapp vs. XCr/Vt for Different Reference Chloride Contents
4 Conclusion
References
Calibration of Tang's Model for Concentration Dependence of Diffusion in Cementitious Materials
1 Introduction
2 Diffusion Coefficients are Defined by Mathematical Models
2.1 Pore Solution (and Surface) Electro-chemistry Effects
2.2 Multi-ionic Frictional Effects for Concentrated Electrolytes
2.3 Pore Structure Geometrical Effects
2.4 Updated Tang's Model
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Self-sufficient Reactive Transport Modelling in Cement-Based Materials with Low-Carbon Footprint
1 Background
2 Modelling Framework
2.1 Transport Modelling
2.2 Pore Partitioning Model
2.3 Modelling Reactive Processes
2.4 Thermodynamic Modelling
3 Summary
References
Numerical Simulation of Chloride Ion Ingression in Mortar Incorporating the Effect of ITZ Using an Integrated COMSOL-IPHREEQC Framework
1 Introduction
2 Model Description
2.1 Thermodynamic Model
2.2 Homogenization Method
2.3 Transport Model
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Resistance of Lime-Natural Pozzolan Mortars in Salt-Laden Environments
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Content of Anions
3.2 Mass Changes
3.3 Changes in Microstructure
4 Conclusions
References
Performance of Migrating Corrosion Inhibitors in Cracked Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Marine Environment
1 Introduction
2 Concrete Mix Design, Casting and Curing
2.1 Materials
2.2 Specimen Types
2.3 Curing Conditions
2.4 Exposure Conditions
3 Corrosion Evaluations
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Slag or Reacted Binder, Which Dissolves First in Sulphuric Acid?
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Design and Performance
Assessing Early-age Dynamic Elastic Modulus in High-Performance Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Information
2.1 Materials and Mix Proportions
2.2 Test Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Relationship Between Ed and Es
3.2 Influence of Curing Temperature on Early-Age Ed and Es
3.3 Influence of Sustained Tensile Loading on Early-age Ed and Es
4 Conclusions
References
Development of Filling Grout Material for Boulder Ground
1 Introduction
2 Fundamental Study
2.1 Challenges in Implementing Filling Procedure of Grout Material into Boulder Ground
2.2 Evaluation Method of Tensile Strength
3 Test Overview
3.1 Mix Proportions of Grout and Test Flow
3.2 Method of Mixing Materials
3.3 Experimental Test
4 Test Results
4.1 Test Results of "Prototype"
4.2 Compressive Strength
4.3 Relationship Between Vane Shear Strength and Flow Value
4.4 Tensile Strength
4.5 Pressurized Bleeding Rate
4.6 Effect of Mixing Silica Fume and Bentonite
5 Summary
References
Design and Development of Multi-faceted Engineered Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Design Principle
3 Material
4 Experimental Program
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
7 Future Work
References
Assessment of Deviations in Concrete Properties Quantified Under Laboratory Conditions and from the Construction Site
1 Introduction
2 Investigation Program
2.1 Concrete Compositions
2.2 Specimen Design and Preparation
2.3 Performance Testing
2.4 Results and Discussion
3 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Performance of Powder Actuated Fasteners as Direct Fastenings in Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Fundamental Background Knowledge and Scope of this Study
2.1 Aim and Structure of the Study
3 Experimental Set-Up and Design
4 Results and Interpretation
4.1 Setting Assessment - Penetration Depth
4.2 Setting Assessment - Surface Damage
4.3 Pull-Out Load Assessment and Interpretation
5 Summary
References
Fiberglass Mesh Reinforced Rendering Mortar: Effect of Fiberglass Reinforcement
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Experimental Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Experimental Methods
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusion
References
Effect of Spatial Variability on the Failure Behaviour of a Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall
1 Introduction
2 Presentation of the Case Study
3 Parametric Study
4 Global Response of the Shear Wall
5 Cracking Patterns
6 Conclusion
References
In-situ Casting Method and Durability of Cementitious Materials at Deep Seafloor
1 Introduction
2 Field Trials of In-situ Mortar Casting
2.1 In-situ Casting with Conventional PC Mortar
2.2 In-situ Casting with a Unique Injection Mortar Kit
3 Deep-Sea Exposure of Hardened Cement Pastes
3.1 Mix Proportions of Paste Specimens
3.2 Experimental Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Axial Strength of Pile Head Embedded with Steel Column: Effect of Reinforcing Bar on Axial Strength
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Experiment
3 Failure Pattern and Load-Displacement Relationship
4 Strength Evaluation
5 Conclusion
References
Probabilistic Assessment of RC Piers Considering Vertical Seismic Excitation Based on Damage Indices
1 Introduction
2 Description of Model
2.1 Finite Element Modeling
3 Probabilistic Seismic Demand Models and Damage Limit States
3.1 Damage Limit States
4 Comparison of Results
4.1 Forces Demands
4.2 Fragility Analysis
5 Summary and Conclusion
References
New Conceptions and Constructive Methods for Pumped Storage Hydropower Plants
1 Introduction
2 Modeling Parameters for 3D Printed Process (Analytical Approach)
3 Case Study and the Choice of the Shape
4 Material
5 Numerical Modeling in the Fresh State
6 Numerical Modeling in the Hardened State
7 Concluding Remarks
References
Flexural and Shear Performance of Precast Prestressed Composite Beams
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Method
2.1 Research Program
2.2 Four-Point Bending Test - Flat Interface Beam
2.3 Three-Point Bending Test - Rib-shaped Beam
3 Experimental Results
3.1 Four-Point Bending Test - Flat Interface Beam
3.2 Three-Point Bending Test - Rib-shaped Beam
4 Numerical and Analytical Calculations
4.1 Parameters of Finite Element Model (FEM 3D)
4.2 FEM Results
4.3 Analytical Calculation - Model Code 2010
5 Summary and Conclusion
References
Structural Health Monitoring and Maintenance Management
A Novel Service Life Prediction for Reinforced Concrete Infrastructure Systems
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Transportation Network Optimization Approach
2.2 System Reliability Approach
2.3 Predicted Performance Curve
3 The Subway System (SUBSYS) Performance Model
3.1 Station System Performance Model
3.2 Tunnel System Performance Model
4 The SUBSYS Model Application and Results
4.1 Stations Performance Curves
4.2 Tunnels Performance Curves
5 Conclusion
References
Monitoring of Reinforced Concrete Structures: Disposal of Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results
3.1 Temperature
3.2 Deformation
3.3 Oxygen Availability
3.4 Concrete Resistivity
3.5 Corrosion Potential
3.6 Corrosion Rate
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Development of a Low-Budget Monitoring System for Expansion Joints with Real-Time Data Analyses
1 Introduction
2 Development of a Low-Budget Monitoring System for Expansion Joints
3 Real Time Data Analyse Using Edge Impulse
4 Condition Monitoring of the Expansion Joint
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Correlations Between Localized Pitting Corrosion and Deflection in Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Accelerated Corrosion
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Programme
2.1 Geometry and Reinforcement Layout
2.2 Test Setup and Instrumentation
2.3 Characterization of Rebar Corrosion
2.4 Calculation of Volume Loss Due to Pit Corrosion
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Strain and Temperature Monitoring in Early-Age Concrete by Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing
1 Introduction
2 Full-Scale Field Tests
2.1 Description of the Specimens
2.2 Sensor Deployment and Monitoring
3 Theory and Method
3.1 Development of Concrete Properties
3.2 Determination of Stresses Based on Temperature and Strain Measurements
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Investigation of the Impact of Concrete Surface Treatment Methods on the Interfacial Bond Strength
1 Introduction
2 Interface Bond Factors
2.1 Microcracks
2.2 Surface Roughness
2.3 Cleanliness of Substrate Surface
2.4 Free Water on Substrate Surface
2.5 Reduction of Interfacial Bond Strength
3 Experimental Method
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Piezoresistive Self-compacting Concretes (PSSC) with Carbon Fibers (CF) and Nano-fibers (CNF) for Structural Health Monitoring
1 Introduction
1.1 Self Compacting and Sensing Concrete
1.2 Electrical Properties and Piezoresistivity
2 Materials
3 Methodology and Testing Setup
3.1 Electrical Resistivity Experimental Measurement
3.2 PZR Experimental Measurement
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Structural Health Monitoring of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints Using Piezoelectric Transducers
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Test Setup
2.1 Test Setup and Instrumentation
2.2 Instrumented Monitoring
3 Results
3.1 Hysteretic Behavior
3.2 SHM Method Based on the PZT Transducers
3.3 Damage Quantification
4 Conclusions
References
Flexural Damage Evaluation in Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams Using a PZT-Based Health Monitoring System
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Beam Manufacturing
2.2 Set up and Tested Specimens
2.3 Instrumented Monitoring
2.4 Data Analysis
3 Test Results, Voltage Response, and Data Analysis
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Calibration of Multi-physics Models on Weakly Instrumented Structures: Applications to Containment Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Numerical Framework
2.2 Available Data
3 Results
3.1 Thermo-Hygric Modelling
3.2 Mechanical Modelling
3.3 Conclusion
References
Rehabilitation of Underground Garages-A Risk-Based Decision-Making Process
1 Introduction and Background
2 Methodology
2.1 Inspection Data
2.2 Rehabilitation Methods
2.3 Estimation of the Reliability Index
3 Results
4 Summary and Outlook
References
Early-age and Long-term Cracking Analysis in RC Structures (TC 287-CCS)
Early-Age to Long-Term Numerical Simulation of Concrete Members Tested in Adjustable Restraining Frames
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Campaign
2.1 General Description
2.2 Experimental Data
3 Finite Element Model
3.1 Geometry and Mesh
3.2 Material Models
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
Effect of High Temperature at Early Age and Mineral Additives on Drying Shrinkage of Concrete with Blast Furnace Slag Cement
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Program
2.1 Specimen
2.2 Curing and Drying Conditions
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Drying Shrinkage and Mass Loss of Mortar Without GGBFS Depending on Curing Temperature
3.2 Drying Shrinkage and Mass Loss Mortar with GGBFS Depending on Curing Temperature
4 Effect of Gypsum and Limestone Powder on Drying Shrinkage of Mortar with GGBFS Exposed to High Temperature Curing
4.1 Experimental Program
4.2 Result and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Effect of Member Geometry on the Modification Factor for the Degree of Restraint Before Cracking in Order to Account for the Effect of Cracking
1 Introduction
2 Model Description
3 Calculations
3.1 Scope of Calculations
3.2 Changes of the Modification Factor (Rscr)
3.3 Changes of Cracks Width
4 Conclusions
References
An Analytical Approach for Calculating Crack Width of RC Members: Pure Shear Method
1 Introduction
2 Assumptions and Derivation of Pure Shear Method
3 Verification of Model Using RC Ties and Beams
3.1 Analysis of RC Ties
3.2 Analysis of RC Beams
4 Conclusions
References
Significance of Thermal Eigenstresses on the Risk of Cracking due to Concrete Hardening with Focus on Ground-Slab Types
1 Introduction
2 Eigenstresses and Typical Member Behavior
3 Nonlinear FE Calculations for Ground Slab-type Members
3.1 Calculation Model and Calculation Steps
3.2 Material Parameters
3.3 Parametric Study
3.4 Results
4 Discussion and Conclusion
References
Calculation of Steel Stresses in Cracked Reinforced Rectangular Concrete Elements Loaded in Bending
1 Introduction
2 Methods for Calculating s in Elements Loaded in Bending
2.1 Assuming a Triangular Compression Zone
2.2 Assuming Linear Interpolation Between Mext and MR
3 Development of the New Semi-analytical Method
4 Results and Validation
5 Conclusions and Discussion
References
Crack-Resistance of 25 Cements Determined by the Ring Shrinkage Test
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Isothermal Calorimetry
3.2 Ring Shrinkage Test
3.3 Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Cracks Detection During Early-Age Concrete Hydration Using Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing: From Laboratory to Field Applications
1 Introduction
1.1 Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing DFOS
1.2 Early-Age Concrete Cracking
2 Design of DFOS Measurements
2.1 Selection of DFOS Technique
2.2 Design of DFOS Sensors
2.3 Installation
2.4 Thermal Compensation
2.5 Taking Measurements and Post-processing
3 Examples of Applications - Laboratory
3.1 Non-cracked Concrete
3.2 Reinforced Concrete Beams
4 Examples of Applications - In Situ
4.1 Prestressed Concrete Girders
4.2 Railway Bridge
5 Summary
References
Low Viscosity, High Temperature Stable Geopolymer for Crack Injection and Cavity Filling with Optional Increase of Volume and Preload
1 Introduction
2 Development of an Injection Material
2.1 Compressive and Bending Tensile Strength
2.2 Workability
3 Preload
3.1 Preload Via Injection
3.2 Preload Via Grouting
4 Foaming
5 Further Examinations
5.1 High-Temperature
5.2 Use of Recycled Materials
5.3 Crack Injection
6 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Numerical Simulation for Early-age Cracking Mitigation in Durable RC Deck Slab on Multiple Span Steel Box Girder Bridges Considering Thermal and Stepwise Construction Stresses
1 Introduction
2 Structural Details of Fudaigawa Bridge and Strategies for Early-Age Cracking Mitigation
2.1 Structural Details of Fudaigawa Bridge
2.2 Strategies for Early-Age Cracking Mitigation
3 Analysis of Stepwise Construction Stress in Fudaigawa Bridge
3.1 Stepwise Construction Plan for the Concrete Placement of the RC Deck Slab
3.2 Analysis of Generated Stepwise Construction Stresses
4 3D FEM Thermal Stress Simulation and Verifications
4.1 Three Leveled Systematic Thermal Stress FEM Simulation and Verifications
4.2 Results of Early-Age Thermal Stress FEM Simulation
4.3 Influential Factors Affecting Early-Age Thermal Stress
5 The Combined Effect of Thermal and Stepwise Construction Stresses
6 Conclusions
References
Modelling of Moisture Transport in Cracked Concrete by Using RBSM and TNM
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Model
2.1 Rigid-Body Spring Model (RBSM)
2.2 Time-Dependent Constitutive (TDC) Model
2.3 Truss-Network Model (TNM)
2.4 Moisture Transfer Model
2.5 Dynamic Microstructural Change Model
2.6 Liquid Water Uptake Through Cracks
2.7 Numerical Flow
3 Simulation of Anomalous Liquid Water Uptake in Cracked Concrete
3.1 Introduction of Reference Experiment
3.2 Details on Numerical Implementation and Materials Parameters
3.3 Numerical Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
The Internal Curing Effect of Pre-saturated Lightweight Aggregate on Cementitious Material
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Test Methods
2.1 Materials and Mixture Proportions
2.2 Test Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Water Absorption of LWA
3.2 Mechanical Properties
3.3 Autogenous Shrinkage
4 Conclusions
References
Parametric Calculation Tool for Flexural Crack Width in Concrete Slabs Assuming Seismic Damage
1 Introduction
2 Analytical Crack Width Models
2.1 DIN EN 1992-1-1
2.2 DIN EN 1992-1-1-Revision
2.3 ACI 224R-01 R08 - Beam
2.4 ACI 224R-01 R08 - Slab
3 Model Structure
3.1 Subroutine Input
3.2 Subroutine Design of the Cross-section
3.3 Subroutine Calculation of the Crack Widths/Crack Spacing
4 Results
4.1 Verification of the Model
4.2 Parametrised Evaluation of the Crack Models
5 Conclusion
References
Thermal Energy Storage in Cementitious Composites (TC 299-TES)
Analysis of Methods Reducing Early Age Shrinkage of Ultra-light Foam Concrete with Phase Change Material
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Methods Reducing Shrinkage
3 Materials and Methods
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
An Experimental Study on the Thermo-mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar with Textile Fibers for Building Applications
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials and Sample Preparation
2.2 Samples Characterization Methodology
3 Evaluation of Characterization Results
3.1 Bulk Density Testing
3.2 Mechanical Characterization
3.3 Thermal Characterization
4 Conclusions
References
Investigation of Combined Electronic and Ionic Thermoelectric Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Experiment
2.1 Sample Fabrication
2.2 MnO2 Powder
2.3 Material Characterization
2.4 Evaluation Setup
2.5 Results and Discussion
3 Conclusions
References
Experimental Characterization and Modelling of Geopolymers and Hybrid Materials for Solar Thermal Energy
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Finite Element Modelling
3.1 Basic Equations
4 Results
4.1 Mechanical Properties
4.2 Thermal Properties
4.3 Finite Element Simulations
5 Conclusions
References
Computational Design of Building Envelopes as Thermal Metamaterials
1 Introduction
2 Characterization of NRG-Foams
2.1 Heat Capacity and Enthalpy
2.2 Thermal Conductivity
3 Metamaterial Design for the Optimization of the Building Energy Performance
3.1 Definition of the Building
3.2 Definition of the Local Weather
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
Smart-Earth Multifunctional Cement Composites for Sustainable Constructions: Thermal and Sensing Characterization
1 Introduction
2 Concept
3 State of Art
4 Smart Earth
4.1 Materials
4.2 Production of the Sample
4.3 Strain-Sensing Behaviour
5 Experimental Methodology
5.1 Setup and Devices
5.2 Tests' Description
6 Results and Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
Innovative PCM-Enhanced Concrete Tiles for High Performance Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Development of an Innovative Tile
3.1 Concrete Mix
3.2 Mechanical Properties
3.3 Thermal Properties
4 Solatrium House
4.1 Project: The Need for Concrete Thermal Storage
4.2 Energy Saving
5 Results and Discussion of Energy Saving
6 Conclusions
References
Phase Change Materials Shape Stabilized in Biochar for Energy Efficiency and Structural Strength Enhancement in Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials and Sample Preparation
2.2 Experimental Methodology
3 Results from the Thermal Investigation
4 Results from the Mechanical Investigation
5 Conclusions
References
The Effect of Salt-Impregnation on Thermochemical Properties of a Metakaolin Geopolymer Composite for Thermal Energy Storage
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials and Sample Preparation
2.2 Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Phase Assemblage
3.2 Heat Storage Capacity
3.3 Water Sorption
4 Conclusions
References
Hygrothermal Measurement of Heavy Cob Materials
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Method
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Thermal Properties
3.2 Hydric Properties
4 Conclusion
References
Novel Cement-Lime Composites with Phase Change Materials (PCM) and Biomass Ash for Energy Efficiency in Architectural Applications
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Paste Compositions
3 Experimental Program
3.1 Mineralogical Characterization Testing Procedure
3.2 Hardened Properties Testing Procedures
4 Experimental Results and Analysis
4.1 Hardened Properties
5 Conclusions
References
Cement Based Materials with PCM and Reduced Graphene Oxide for Thermal Insulation for Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Section
2.1 Materials
2.2 Paste and Specimen Preparation
2.3 Characterization Techniques
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Morphological Characterization
3.2 Characterization of Thermal and Electrical Properties
4 Conclusions
References
Hygrothermal Behaviour and Durability of Bio-aggregate Based Building Materials (TC 275-HBD)
Rilem TC 275 HDB - International RRT on MBV Measurement of Vegetal Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methods
3 Discussion and Results of the Round Robin Test
4 Conclusion
References
Rheological Behavior of 3D Printable Bio-Concretes Produced with Rice Husk
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Mixing Protocol
2.1 Materials Under Investigation
2.2 Mixing Procedure
3 Testing Procedure Methods
3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
3.2 Isothermal Calorimetry
3.3 Rheological Tests
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Rice Husk Properties
4.2 Isothermal Calorimetry
4.3 Rheological Tests Results
4.4 Printing Tests
5 Conclusions
References
Flax Fabric-Reinforcement Lime Composite as a Strengthening System for Masonry Materials: Study of Adhesion
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Procedure
2.1 Materials
2.2 Mechanical Tests
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Manual and Mechanical Adhesion Test
3.2 Flexural Test
4 Conclusion
References
Characterisation of Hemp Shiv and its Effect on the Compressive Strength of Hemp Concrete
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Programme
2.1 Materials and Testing Method
2.2 Design of Experiments
2.3 Mix Procedure
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Hemp Shiv Characterisation
3.2 Hemp Concrete Results
3.3 Isoresponse Charts of the Proposed Models of the Key Variables
4 Conclusion
References
Thermal Study of Hemp Concrete Behavior when Subjected to High Temperatures by X-ray Microtomography
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials and Mix Design
2.2 3D Thermal Tomography for Construction Materials
2.3 Digital Volume Correlation for 3D Tomographic Scans
2.4 Keyence Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Representative Elementary Volume Characterization
3.2 Digital Volume Correlation
3.3 Keyence and Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging
4 Conclusion
References
From the Lab Scale to the Construction Site Scale: Properties of Hemp Thermal Insulation
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Tested Fibres
2.2 Microscope
2.3 Bulk and Specific Densities
2.4 Thermal Conductivity
2.5 Demonstrator
3 Results and Analysis
3.1 Fibrous Structure
3.2 Thermal Conductivity as a Function of the Density
3.3 Demonstrator: In-Situ Measurement
4 Conclusion
References

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International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures