The Standard Model

From Fundamental Symmetries to Experimental Tests

Yuval Grossman Yossi Nir(Autor*in)

Princeton University Press

Erschienen am 26. September 2023

328 Seiten

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An authoritative, hands-on introduction to the foundational theory and experimental tests of particle physics

The Standard Model is an elegant and extremely successful theory that formulates the laws of fundamental interactions among elementary particles. This incisive textbook introduces students to the physics of the Standard Model while providing an essential overview of modern particle physics, with a unique emphasis on symmetry principles as the starting point for constructing models. The Standard Model equips students with an in-depth understanding of this impressively predictive theory and an appreciation of its beauty, and prepares them to interpret future experimental results.

Describes symmetry principles of growing complexity, including Abelian symmetries and their application in QED, the theory of electromagnetic interactions, non-Abelian symmetries and their application in QCD, the theory of strong interactions, and spontaneously broken symmetries and their application in the theory of weak interactions
Derives the Lagrangian that implements these symmetry principles and extracts the phenomenology that follows from it, such as elementary particles and accidental symmetries
Explains how the Standard Model has been experimentally tested, emphasizing electroweak precision measurements, flavor-changing neutral current processes, neutrino oscillations, and cosmology
Demonstrates how to extend the model to address experimental and observational puzzles, such as neutrino masses, dark matter, and the baryon asymmetry of the universe
Features a wealth of problems drawing from the latest research
Ideal for a one-semester graduate course and an invaluable resource for practitioners
Online solutions manual (available only to instructors)

Sprache

Englisch

Verlagsort

Princeton

USA

Verlagsgruppe

Kind World Publishing

Editions-Typ

Schulbuch-Ausgabe

Produkt-Hinweis

Fixed format

Illustrationen

16 b/w illus.

ISBN-13

978-0-691-23911-8 (9780691239118)

Schlagworte

The Standard Model: From Fundamental Symmetries to Experimental Tests Yuval Grossman Yosef Nir gauge symmetries Particle cosmology Princeton high energy physics neutrinos higgs CP Violation Particle physics dark matter

Schweitzer Klassifikation

Physik / Astronomie

Allgemein

Atomphysik / Kernphysik / Molekularphysik

Hochenergiephysik / Teilchenphysik

Quantenphysik

DNB DDC Sachgruppen

Naturwissenschaften

Physik

Dewey Decimal Classfication (DDC)

Science

Physics

Modern physics

BISAC Klassifikation

Science

Physics / General

Atomic & Molecular

Nuclear

Quantum Theory

Yuval Grossman and Yossi Nir

Cover
Contents
Preface
1. Lagrangians
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Examples of Simple Lagrangians
1.2.1 Scalars
1.2.2 Fermions
1.2.3 Fermions and Scalars
1.3 Symmetries
1.4 Model Building
Appendix
1.A Discrete Spacetime Symmetries: C, P, and T
1.A.1 C and P
1.A.2 CP Violation and Complex Couplings
Problems
2. Abelian Symmetries
2.1 Global Symmetries
2.1.1 Global Discrete Symmetries
2.1.2 Global Continuous Symmetries
2.1.3 Charge
2.1.4 Product Groups and Accidental Symmetries
2.1.5 Symmetries and Fermion Masses
2.2 Local Symmetries
2.2.1 Introducing Local Symmetries
2.2.2 Charge
2.3 Summary
Problems
3. QED
3.1 QED with One Fermion
3.1.1 Defining QED
3.1.2 The Lagrangian
3.1.3 The Spectrum
3.1.4 The Interactions
3.1.5 Parameter Counting
3.2 QED with More Fermions
3.2.1 Two Dirac Fermions
3.2.2 Accidental Symmetries
3.2.3 Even More Fields
3.3 Experimental Tests of QED
Problems
4. Non-Abelian Symmetries
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Global Symmetries
4.2.1 Scalars and SO(N
4.2.2 Vectorial Fermions and U(N)
4.2.3 Chiral Fermions and U(N)×U(N)
4.3 Local Symmetries
4.4 Running Coupling Constants
4.5 Summary
Problems
5. QCD
5.1 Defining QCD
5.2 The Lagrangian
5.3 The Spectrum
5.4 The Interactions
5.5 The Parameters
5.6 Confinement
5.7 Accidental Symmetries
5.8 Combining QCD with QED
Problems
6. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Global Discrete Symmetries: Z2
6.3 Global Abelian Continuous Symmetries: U(1)
6.4 Global Non-Abelian Continuous Symmetries: SO(3)
6.5 Fermion Masses
6.6 Local Symmetries: The Higgs Mechanism
6.7 Summary
Problems
7. The Leptonic Standard Model
7.1 Defining the LSM
7.2 The Lagrangian
7.2.1 Lkin and the Gauge Symmetry
7.2.2 L?
7.2.3 LYuk
7.2.4 Lf and SSB
7.2.5 Summary
7.3 The Spectrum
7.3.1 Scalars: Back to Lf
7.3.2 Vector Bosons: Back to Lkin(f)
7.3.3 Fermions: Back to LYuk
7.3.4 Summary
7.4 The Interactions
7.4.1 The Higgs Boson
7.4.2 QED: Electromagnetic Interactions
7.4.3 Neutral Current Weak Interactions
7.4.4 Charged Current Weak Interactions
7.4.5 The Fermi Constant
7.4.6 Gauge Boson Self-interactions
7.4.7 Summary
7.5 Global Symmetries and Parameters
7.5.1 Accidental Symmetries
7.5.2 The Interaction Basis and the Mass Basis
7.5.3 Parameter Counting
7.5.4 The LSM Parameters
7.6 Low-Energy Tests
7.6.1 Charged Current Neutrino-Electron Scattering
7.6.2 Neutral Current Neutrino-Electron Scattering
Problems
8. The Standard Model
8.1 Defining the Standard Model
8.2 The Lagrangian
8.2.1 Lkin and the Gauge Symmetry
8.2.2 L?
8.2.3 Lf and SSB
8.2.4 LYuk
8.2.5 Summary
8.3 The Spectrum
8.3.1 Bosons
8.3.2 Fermions
8.3.3 The CKM Matrix
8.3.4 Summary
8.4 The Interactions
8.4.1 Electromagnetic (QED) and Strong (QCD) Interactions
8.4.2 The Higgs Boson Interactions
8.4.3 Neutral Current Weak Interactions
8.4.4 Charged Current Weak Interactions
8.4.5 Gauge Boson Self-interactions
8.4.6 Summary
8.5 Global Symmetries and Parameters
8.5.1 Accidental Symmetries
8.5.2 The Standard Model Parameters
8.5.3 "A Standard Model" versus "the Standard Model"
8.5.4 Discrete Symmetries: P, C, and CP
Appendix
8.A Anomalies and Nonperturbative Effects
8.A.1 The Strong CP Parameter
8.A.2 Anomalies
Problems
9. Flavor Physics
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The CKM Matrix
9.2.1 The Standard Parameterization
9.2.2 The Wolfenstein Parameterization
9.2.3 CP Violation
9.2.4 Unitarity Triangles
9.3 Tree-Level Determination of the CKM Parameters
9.4 No FCNC at Tree Level
9.4.1 Photon- and Gluon-Mediated FCNC
9.4.2 Z-Mediated FCNC
9.4.3 Higgs-Mediated FCNC
Problems
10. QCD at Low Energies
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Hadronic Properties
10.2.1 General Properties
10.2.2 The Quark Model
10.2.3 Hadron Masses
10.2.4 Hadron Lifetimes
10.3 Combining QCD with Weak Interactions
10.3.1 Factorization
10.3.2 The Decay Constant
10.3.3 Form Factors
10.4 The Approximate Symmetries of QCD
10.4.1 Isospin Symmetry
10.4.2 Heavy Quark Symmetry
10.5 Hadrons in High-Energy QCD
10.5.1 Quark-Hadron Duality
10.5.2 Jets
10.5.3 Parton Distribution Functions
Appendix
10.A Names and Quantum Numbers for Hadrons
10.B Extracting |Vud|
10.C Extracting |Vcb|
Problems
11. Beyond the Standard Model
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Experimental and Observational Problems
11.3 Theoretical Considerations
11.4 The BSM Scale
11.5 The SMEFT
11.6 Examples of SMEFT Operators
11.6.1 Baryon Number Violation
11.6.2 Higgs Decays
Problems
12. Electroweak Precision Measurements
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Weak Mixing Angle
12.2.1 The Weak Mixing Angle at One Loop
12.2.2 The Weak Mixing Angle within the Standard Model
12.3 Custodial Symmetry
12.4 Probing BSM
12.4.1 Nonrenormalizable Operators and the q2 Expansion
12.4.2 The S, T, and U Parameters
12.4.3 The Four-Generation Standard Model
Problems
13. Flavor-Changing Neutral Currents
13.1 Introduction
13.2 CKM and GIM Suppression in FCNC Decays
13.2.1 Examples: Kp?? and Bp??
13.3 CKM and GIM Suppression in Neutral Meson Mixing
13.3.1 Examples: ?mK, ?mB, and ?mBs
13.3.2 CP Suppression
13.3.3 Summary
13.4 Testing the CKM Sector
13.5 Probing BSM
13.5.1 New Physics Contributions to B0 -B0 Mixing
13.5.2 Probing the SMEFT
Appendix
13.A Neutral Meson Mixing and Oscillation
13.A.1 Introduction
13.A.2 Flavor Mixing
13.A.3 Flavor Oscillation
13.A.4 Standard Model Calculations of the Mixing Amplitude
13.B CP Violation
13.B.1 Notations and Formalism
13.B.2 CP Violation in Decay
13.B.3 CP Violation in Mixing
13.B.4 CP Violation in Interference of Decays with and without Mixing
13.C Standard Model Calculations of CP Violation
13.C.1 Extracting ? from BDK
13.C.2 Extracting ß from BD+D-
13.C.3 CP Violation from K Decays
Problems
14. Neutrinos
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The ?SM
14.2.1 Defining the ?SM and the Lagrangian
14.2.2 The Neutrino Spectrum
14.2.3 The Neutrino Interactions
14.2.4 Global Symmetries and Parameters
14.2.5 The PMNS Matrix
14.2.6 Testing the ?SM
14.2.7 The Scale ?
14.3 The NSM: The Standard Model with Singlet Fermions
14.3.1 Defining the NSM
14.3.2 The NSM Lagrangian
14.3.3 The NSM Spectrum
14.3.4 The NSM Interactions
14.3.5 The Low-Energy Limit of the NSM
14.3.6 The Case of mN « v: Sterile Neutrinos
14.4 Open Questions
Appendix
14.A Neutrino Oscillations
14.A.1 Neutrino Oscillations in a Vacuum
14.A.2 The MSW Effect
14.B Direct Probes of Neutrino Masses
14.B.1 Kinematic Tests
14.B.2 Neutrinoless Double-Beta (0?2ß) Decay
Problems
15. Cosmological Tests
15.1 The Interplay of Particle Physics and Cosmology
15.2 Dark Matter
15.2.1 The Observational Evidence
15.2.2 Neutrinos Cannot Be the Dark Matter
15.2.3 The ?SM
15.3 Baryogenesis
15.3.1 The Observational Evidence
15.3.2 Sakharov Conditions
15.3.3 Leptogenesis
15.4 Open Questions
Appendix
15.A Introduction to Cosmology
15.A.1 The Dynamical Metric
15.A.2 Thermodynamics in the Universe
15.A.3 Observables
Problems
What's Next?
Appendix: Lie Groups
A.1 Groups
A.2 Representations
A.3 Lie Groups and Lie Algebras
A.4 Roots and Weights
A.5 SU(2)
A.6 SU(3)
A.7 Classification and Dynkin Diagrams
A.8 Naming Representations
A.9 Combining Representations
Problems
Bibliography
Index

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