Novel Developments in Cryo-EM of Biological Molecules

Part I: Single-Particle Cryo-EM of Molecules in Thermal Equilibrium 1. Generalized Single-Particle Cryo-EM:. A Historical Perspective 2. Advances in the Field of Single-Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy Over the Last Decade 3. Single-Particle Reconstruction of Biological Molecules:Story in a Sample (Nobel Lecture) Part II: Machine Learning Applied to Ensembles of Molecules in Thermal Equilibrium: Resolution in State Space 4. Structural Characterization of mRNA-tRNA Translocation Intermediates 5. Trajectories of the Ribosome as a Brownian Nanomachine 6. Continuous Changes in Structure Mapped by Manifold Embedding of Single-Particle Data in Cryo-EM 7. New Opportunities Created by Single-Particle Cryo-EM: The Mapping of Conformational Space 8. POLARIS: Path of Least Action Analysis on Energy Landscapes 9. Propagation of Conformational Coordinates Across Angular Space in Mapping the Continuum of States from Cryo-EM Data by Manifold Embedding 10. Retrieving Functional Pathways of Biomolecules from Single-Particle Snapshots 11. A Glycan Gate Controls Opening of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein 12. Recovery of Conformational Continuum from Single-Particle Cryo-EM images: Optimization of ManifoldEM Informed by Ground Truth Part III: Non-Equilibrium Methods: Resolution in Time 13. Structural Dynamics of Ribosome Subunit Association Studied by Mixing-Spraying Time-Resolved Cryo-EM 14. Two Promising Future Developments of Cryo-EM: Capturing Short-Lived States and Mapping a Continuum of States of a Macromolecule 15. Key Intermediates in Ribosome Recycling Visualized by Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy 16. A Fast and Effective Microfluidic Spraying-Plunging Method for High-Resolution Single-Particle Cryo-EM 17. Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy: Recent Progress 18. Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy Using a Microfluidic Chip 19. Late Steps in Bacterial Translation Initiation Visualized Using Time-Resolved Cryo-EM 20. The Structural Basis for Release Factor Activation During Translation Termination Revealed by Time-Resolved Cryogenic Electron Microscopy 21. A Time-Resolved Cryo-EM study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 80S Ribosome Protein Composition in Response to a Change in Carbon Source