List of Illustrations

2.1 Al-?Ula, statue, probably of a king of the dynasty of Lihyan (fourth-third century BCE) 2.2 Shabwa, the Royal Palace (third century CE) 2.3 Marib, Awam cemetery, tombstone (second-first century BCE) 2.4 Mada?in Salih (Hegra), façade of a tomb (first century CE) 2.5 Jabal al-?Aud, bust of Athena (first century bce-first century CE) 2.6 Zafar, plaque decorated with a vine scroll composition (sixth century CE) ird century bCE) 2.7 Saqaf/Khaulan Sgraffitto of a castle (probably Ghumdan, second-third century CE) 3.1 (a) Mutilated cross solidus; (b) Arab-Sasanian drachm, Bishapur mint, 47 AH 3.2 (a) Shahada solidus; (b) Arab-Sasanian drachm, Damascus, 74 /693-694 3.3 (a) Caliphal image solidus; (b) Caliphal image drachm 1; (c) Caliphal image drachm 2 ("Mihrab and ?Anaza" drachm) 3.4 (a) Early epigraphic dinar, no mint 77/696-697; (b) Epigraphic dirham, Damascus 99/717-718) 4.1 Qur?anic palimpsest in Hijazi script (unknown provenance, seventh century) 4.2 Opening illumination of an Umayyad Qur?an discovered in Sanaa (probably Greater Syria, early eighth century) 4.3 The Qur?an of Amajur, classical Kufic script (Greater Syria, in or shortly after 876) 4.4 The Isfahan Qur?an, written in the New Style (Isfahan, 993) 5.1 The Ka?ba, Mecca, c. 1910 5.2 The main nave of the sanctuary leading to the mihrab, Great Mosque of Qayrawan 5.3 The courtyard and façade of the sanctuary, Great Mosque of Damascus 5.4 Wall mosaics rinceaux, narthex, Church of Haghia Sophia, Istanbul 5.5 Wall mosaic rinceaux, outer façade of the inner octagon, Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 692 6.1 Umayyad city of ?Anjar, Lebanon, 714 6.2 The Round City of Baghdad, 762-766 6.3 The layout of Samarra, 836-892 6.4 Plan of al-Mutawakkiliyya, 859-861 6.5 Schema of the development of Fustat and al-Qahira 7.1 Luster-painted earthenware tiles from Samarra, Iraq, ninth century 7.2 Hypothetical tile friezes based on examples from Qayrawan, Tunisia 7.3 Speculative reconstruction of a Samarran interior using luster tiles from Qayrawan, Tunisia, and stucco elements from the palaces of Balkuwara, Iraq 7.4 Examples of ornamental stucco friezes from Samarra (not to scale) 7.5 Carved stucco panels from the palaces north of Rafiqa (Raqqa), Syria, late eighth-early ninth centuries 8.1 Bowl painted in brown and green with bird. Chinese, c. ninth century, Changsha ware 8.2 Dish painted in blue with a lozenge and foliage. Chinese, c. ninth century, Gongxian ware 8.3 Basin engraved with an inscription along the rim and a six-pointed star on the bottom, Afghanistan, c. early eleventh century 8.4 Glass bottle with a short tapering neck and wheel-cut decoration, Iran, c. tenth century 9.1 Reception Hall of ?Abd al-Rahman III, Madinat al-Zahra?, Cordoba 9.2 Cup bearer and musician, from al-Mahdiyya, in the Bardo National Museum, Tunis 9.3 Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain, mihrab 9.4 Mosque of al-Azhar, Cairo 9.5 Mosque of al-Hakim, Cairo, south minaret with encasing, inscription, and reconstructed portal 9.6 Carved wood doors, ninth-century Iraq 9.7 Detail of Fatimid palace beams, from the Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo 9.8 Abbasid tiraz, 991-1031 10.1 The Shanga lion, a "Hindu" style figurine, probably produced in Islamic East Africa 10.2 Locally minted silver coins from East Africa 10.3 Development sequence of the Shanga mosques, eighth-eleventh century 10.4 Timber mosque on Songo Mnara island 10.5 The mihrab at Kizimkazi, 1107 10.6 Kufic inscription from Tumbatu, mid-twelfth century 10.7 The main mosque at Kilwa, early twelfth century 10.8 The "classic" mihrab at Ras Mkumbuu, Pemba Island 11.1 Tiraz textile fragment, dated 939-940, Egypt, linen plain weave, silk embroidered 11.2 Mahmud ibn Sebuktegin donning a robe of honor sent by the Abbasid caliph al-Qadir (947-1031) in the year 1000, illustration from the Jami? al-tawarikh, c. 1306 or c. 1314/15 11.3 Joshua ordering the property taken at Jericho to be destroyed, illustration from the Jami? al-tawarikh, c. 1306 or c. 1314/15 11.4 Enshrouded corpse from Tomb 49 in the second funerary enclosure (B6) at Istabl ?Antar, Fustat 11.5 Members of the Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo, examining an enshrouded corpse at Khadra Sharifa, Fustat during the early 1930s 11.6 A member of the Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo, examining an enshrouded corpse at Khadra Sharifa, Fustat during the early 1930s 11.7 Coronation mantle of Roger II of Sicily, Palermo, c. 1133-1134 12.1 Baghdad: Dhafariya (Wastani) Gate, 1221, from north 12.2 Baghdad: Conical dome of ?Umar al-Suhrawardi, early thirteenth century 12.3 Baghdad: Madrasa al-Mustansiriyya, completed 1233, courtyard from east 12.4 Baghdad: Abbasid Palace, c. 1200, corridor with muqarnas vaulting 13.1 Ardistan (Iran), Great Mosque, dome hall, 1158 13.2 Bukhara (Uzbekistan), Great Mosque, minaret, 1127 13.3 Ince Minareli closed court madrasa and mosque, Konya, c. 1265 13.4 Plan, Karatay Han with arcaded open court and covered stable, Kayseri-Malatya road, 1231-1240 13.5 Aleppo, Madrasa Kamaliyya ?Adimiyya, 1241-1252, ground plan 13.6 Damascus, al-Salihiyya, street view with façades, domes, and minarets of the Madrasas al-Farnathiyya, al-Murshidiyya, al-Ashrafiyya, and al-Atabakiyya, first half of thirteenth century 13.7 Detail of corbelled ogee arch of Qutb al-Din Aybak's screen showing vegetal and epigraphic borders, Qutb Mosque, Delhi, c....