Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Introduction.- Why a book about iNPH.- Acknowledgement.- History.- Hakim´s discovery of NPH.- Fundamental discoveries in the last decades.- Epidemiology.- Pathophysiology.- Clinical symptoms and examination.- Major symptoms.- Minor symptoms.- Gait characteristics of NPH.- Differential diagnostics of gait impairment.- Psychological profile of NPH patients.- Differential diagnostics against other types of dementias.- Urinary disorder associated with NPH.- Differential diagnostics of urinary disorder.- Neurodegenerative comorbidities and iNPH mimics.- Invasive diagnostic test.- External lumbar drainage.- CSF tap test.- Lumbar infusion test.- Other invasive tests.- Laboratory findings of NPH.- Imaging.- Basic CT and MRI indices.- DESH, callosal angle and cingulate sulcus sign.- Novel MRI indices and imaging models.- Volumetr.- DT.- Phase-contrast MRI.- Novel MRI techniques (elastography, glymphatic pathway imaging) and their implications.- Imaging differential diagnosis.- Potential of machine learning in NPH diagnostics.- Shuntology - treatment of NPH.- Ventriculoperitoneal shunt.- Surgical technique.- Valve types.- Valve setting.- Other types of shunt.- Ventriculoatrial shunt.- Lumboperitoneal shunt.- Role of endoscopy in NPH treatment.- Future directions of valve technology.- Complications.- Surgical complications.- Infection.- Underdrainage and Overdrainage.- Follow-up.- Clinical follow-up.- Imaging follow-up.- Invasive tests in follow-up.- Prognosis and outcomes.- When to revise the shunt?.- Future perspectives.- Summary.