Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Each chapter starts with these three sections: 1. Introduction, 2. Learning Objectives, and 3. Pre-Test.
Each chapter ends with these two sections: 1. Selected Readings, 2. Post-Test.
Preface
The Basic Principles of Recombinant DNA Technology Nucleic Acid Structure and Function Recombinant DNA Cloning a Gene: Making a Library Polymerase Chain Reaction Screening the Library: Screening Using Nucleotide Probes Varying Stringency Antibodies to Detect Recombinant Proteins Functional Assays Characterization of a DNA Clone: Sequencing DNA Large Scale Production of Recombinant Proteins


Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Nucleic Acid Structure and Chemistry Gene Regulation of Protein Synthesis In vitro DNA Synthesis Antisense Oligonucleotides Physicochemical Properties of Proteins In vitro Degradation of Proteins Protein Metabolism Oral Digestion and Absorption Endopeptidases Exopeptidases Post-Translational Events Glycosylation Proteolytic Chain Length Reduction Protein Turn-Over and Destruction Site Specific Mutagenesis Immune Response to Proteins Expression Systems Monoclonal Antibodies Gene Manipulation and Replacement Biotechnology in Drug Design Approved Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Related Products


Neurotransmitter Receptor Function Receptors and Second Messenger Systems Types of Antagonists Types of Receptors G-protein Linked Second Messenger Systems Receptors and Disease Receptor Study Techniques and New Drug Discovery Measurement of Receptor Binding Properties, Saturation Binding Measurement of Receptor Binding Properties, Competition Binding Advantages of Receptor Binding Advances in Receptor Pharmacology Future Directions


Stability of Peptide and Protein Drugs Current Biotechnologic Drugs in Development Degradation of Pathways for Peptides and Proteins Improving Protein Stability Stability of Small Molecules versus Macromolecules Stability of Dipeptides Conclusions


Protein and Peptide Drug Delivery General Consideration in the Delivery of Proteins and Peptides Routes of Delivery: Oral Delivery Alternate Routes of Delivery Parenteral Route Nasal Delivery Ocular Delivery Transdermal Delivery Pulmonary Delivery Rectal and Vaginal Delivery Buccal Delivery Penetration Enhancers Delivery Systems: Bioreversible Derivatization (Prodrugs) Liposomes (Carrier-Mediated Delivery) Controlled/Sustained Release Systems: Nondegradable Polymers Degradable Polymers Conclusions


Pharmacokinetics of Protein and Peptide Drugs Fundamental Pharmacokinetic Parameters: Volume of Distribution Half-Life Clearance Bioavailability Non-Compartmental Methods Linear versus Nonlinear Kinetics Problems in Pharmacokinetic Studies with Protein and Peptide Drugs Pharmacokinetics of Selected Protein and Peptide Drugs: Human Insulin Enkephalins Tumor Necrosis Factor Tissue Plasminogen Altivator


Pharmacotherapeutics of Biotechnology-Produced Drugs Monoclonal Antibodies Enzymes and Regulators of Enzyme Activity Hormones Hematopoietic Growth Factors Colony Stimulating Factors


Recombinant DNA as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agent in Human Disease Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) Position Cloning of a Disease Locus Human Genome Project DNA (Gene) Therapy Antisense Therapy