Introduction. The History of Lead Poisoning and Uses of Lead over the Centuries. Lead Exposure (N. Sannolo, G. Carelli, N. Castellino, and G. De Lorenzo): Exposure. Lead Metabolism (N. Castellino, P. Castellino, N. Sannolo, O. Masci, G. Fabri, L. Bologna, and R. Bongarzone): General Overview. Lead Intoxication (P. Castellino, N. Castellino, G. Fabri, O. Mattei, V. Anzelmo, P. Bianco, L. Bologna, D. Chiari, G. De Lorenzo, G. Sabatelli, F. Sabella, and A. Sacco): Clinical Presentation of Human Lead Poisoning. The Neurologic Toxicity of Lead. Lead and the Kidney. Lead and the Erythropoietic System. Lead and the Cardiovascular System. Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Effects of Lead. Lead and the Reproductive System. Lead and the Endocrine System. Immunologic Aspects of Lead Poisoning. Lead Carcinogenicity. Prevention. (N. Castellino, P. Castellino, A.M. Alimandi, and L. Bologna). Lead Exposure During Fetal Life and Childhood. Unusual Sources of Non-Occupational Plumbism.